MOOC 语言学导论（二）(北京语言大学)1461145161 最新慕课完整章节测试答案
Chapter 1 Invitations to Linguistics
文章目录
Test for Chapter 1
1、单选题：
If a linguistic study describes and analyzes the language people actually use, it is said to be ______________.
选项：
A: prescriptive
B: analytic
C: descriptive
D: linguistic
答案: 【 descriptive 】
2、单选题：
Which of the following is not a design feature of human language?
选项：
A: Arbitrariness
B: Displacement
C: Duality
D: Meaningfulness
答案: 【 Meaningfulness 】
3、单选题：
Modern linguistics regards the written language as ____________.
选项：
A: primary
B: correct
C: secondary
D: stable
答案: 【 secondary】
4、单选题：
In modern linguistics, speech is regarded as more basic than writing, because ___________.
选项：
A: in linguistic evolution, speech is prior to writing
B: speech plays a greater role than writing in terms of the amount of information conveyed.
C: speech is always the way in which every native speaker acquires his mother tongue
D: All of the above
答案: 【 All of the above 】
5、单选题：
A historical study of language is a ____ study of language.
选项：
A: synchronic
B: diachronic
C: prescriptive
D: comparative
答案: 【 diachronic 】
6、单选题：
Saussure took a (n)__________ view of language, while Chomsky looks at language from a ________ point of view.
选项：
A: sociological…psychological
B: psychological…sociological
C: applied… pragmatic
D: semantic and linguistic
答案: 【 sociological…psychological 】
7、单选题：
According to F. de Saussure, ____ refers to the abstract linguistic system shared by all the members of a speech community.
选项：
A: parole
B: performance
C: langue
D: Language
答案: 【 langue】
8、单选题：
Language is said to be arbitrary because there is no logical connection between _________ and meanings.
选项：
A: sense
B: sounds
C: objects
D: ideas
答案: 【 sounds 】
9、单选题：
Language can be used to refer to contexts removed from the immediate situations of the speaker. This feature is called_________,
选项：
A: displacement
B: duality
C: flexibility
D: cultural transmission
答案: 【 displacement 】
10、单选题：
The details of any language system is passed on from one generation to the next through ____ , rather than by instinct.
选项：
A: learning
B: teaching
C: books
D: both A and B
答案: 【 both A and B】
11、单选题：
refers to the actual realization of the ideal language user's knowledge of the rules of his language in utterance.
选项：
A: Performance
B: Competence
C: Langue
D: Parole
答案: 【 Performance】
12、单选题：
By function people establish and maintain their status in society.
选项：
A: metalingual
B: phatic
C: performative
D: interpersonal
答案: 【 interpersonal】
13、单选题：
Knowing how to say something appropriate in a given situation and with exactly the effect you intend is a question of .
选项：
A: syntax
B: semantics
C: pragmatics
D: applied linguistics
答案: 【 pragmatics】
14、单选题：
We can understand and produce an infinitely large number of sentences including sentences we have never heard before because language is .
选项：
A: creative
B: limitless
C: arbitrary
D: resourceful
答案: 【 creative】
15、单选题：
answers such questions as how we as infants acquire our first language.
选项：
A: Psycholinguistics
B: Anthropological linguistics
C: Sociolinguistics
D: Biolinguistics
答案: 【 Psycholinguistics】
16、单选题：
Language is .
选项：
A: instinctive
B: non-instinctive
C: static
D: genetically transmitted
答案: 【 non-instinctive】
17、单选题：
"Water boils at 100 degress centigrade." The function of this sentence is .
选项：
A: phatic communion
B: informative
C: interpersonal
D: performative
答案: 【 informative】
18、单选题：
"Nice day, isn't it?" What is the function of this sentence?
选项：
A: Phatic
B: Informative
C: Performative
D: Emotive
答案: 【 Phatic】
19、判断题：
Linguistics is generally defined as the scientific study of language.
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 正确】
20、判断题：
Linguistics studies particular language, not languages in general.
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 错误】
21、判断题：
A scientific study of language is based on what the linguist thinks.
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 错误】
22、判断题：
In the study of linguistics, hypotheses formed should be based on language facts and checked against the observed facts.
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 正确】
23、判断题：
General linguistics is generally the study of language as a whole.
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 正确】
24、判断题：
General linguistics, which relates itself to the research of other areas, studies the basic concepts, theories, descriptions, models and methods applicable in any linguistic study.
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 错误】
25、判断题：
Phonetics is different from phonology in that the latter studies the combinations of the sounds to convey meaning in communication.
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 正确】
26、判断题：
Morphology studies how words can be formed to produce meaningful sentences.
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 错误】
27、判断题：
The study of the ways in which morphemes can be combined to form words is called morphology.
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 正确】
28、判断题：
Syntax is different from morphology in that the former not only studies the morphemes, but also the combination of morphemes into words and words into sentences.
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 错误】
29、判断题：
The study of meaning in language is known as semantics.
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 正确】
30、判断题：
Both semantics and pragmatics study meanings.
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 正确】
31、判断题：
Pragmatics is different from semantics in that pragmatics studies meaning not in isolation, but in context.
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 正确】
32、判断题：
Social changes can often bring about language changes.
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 正确】
33、判断题：
Sociolinguistics is the study of language in relation to society.
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 正确】
34、判断题：
Modern linguistics is mostly prescriptive, but sometimes descriptive.
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 错误】
35、判断题：
Modern linguistics is different from traditional grammar.
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 正确】
36、判断题：
A diachronic study of language is the description of language at some point in time.
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 错误】
37、判断题：
Modern linguistics regards the written language as primary, not the spoken language.
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 错误】
38、判断题：
The distinction between competence and performance was proposed by F. de Saussure.
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 错误】
39、填空题：
Chomsky defines “competence” as the ideal user’s __________ of the rules of his language.
答案: 【 knowledge】
40、填空题：
Langue refers to the __________ linguistic system shared by all the members of a speech community while the parole is the concrete use of the conventions and application of the rules.
答案: 【 abstract】
41、填空题：
_________ is one of the design features of human language which refers to the phenomenon that language consists of two levels: a lower level of meaningless individual sounds and a higher level of meaningful units.
答案: 【 Duality】
42、填空题：
Language is a system of _________ vocal symbols used for human communication.
答案: 【 arbitrary】
43、填空题：
The discipline that studies the rules governing the formation of words into permissible sentences in languages is called ________.
答案: 【 syntax】
44、填空题：
Human capacity for language has a ____ basis, but the details of language have to be taught and learned.
答案: 【 genetic】
45、填空题：
____ refers to the realization of langue in actual use.
答案: 【 Parole】
46、填空题：
Findings in linguistic studies can often be applied to the settlement of some practical problems. The study of such applications is generally known as ________ linguistics.
答案: 【 applied】
47、填空题：
Language is ___________ in that it makes possible the construction and interpretation of new signals by its users. In other words, they can produce and understand an infinitely large number of sentences which they have never heard before.
答案: 【 productive】
48、填空题：
Linguistics is generally defined as the ____ study of language.
答案: 【 scientific##%_YZPRLFH_%##systematic】
49、填空题：
We can use language to talk about language itself. This function is function
答案: 【 metalingual】
50、填空题：
Modern linguistics is in the sense that the linguists try to discover what language is rather than lay down rules for people to observe.
答案: 【 descriptive】
51、填空题：
The founder of modern linguistics is .
答案: 【 Saussure】
52、填空题：
Modern linguistics focuses on the present day language, and it will be possible to describe language from a perspective.
答案: 【 synchronic】
53、填空题：
The fundamental distinction between competence and performance is discusses by .
答案: 【 Chomsky】
54、填空题：
The function of language refers to the idea held by Halliday that language serves to establish and maintain social relations.
答案: 【 interpersonal】
55、填空题：
Modern linguistics gives priority to the form of language.
答案: 【 spoken】
56、填空题：
Language is a , i.e., elements in it are combined according to rules. Every language contains a set of rules.
答案: 【 system】
Chapter 2 Speech Sounds
Test for Chapter 2
1、单选题：
Of all the speech organs, the _______ is/ are the most flexible.
选项：
A: mouth
B: lips
C: tongue
D: vocal cords
答案: 【 tongue】
2、单选题：
The sounds produced without the vocal cords vibrating are ____ sounds.
选项：
A: voiceless
B: voiced
C: vowel
D: consonantal
答案: 【 voiceless】
3、单选题：
__________ is a voiced alveolar stop.
选项：
A: /z/
B: /d/
C: /k/
D: /b/
答案: 【 /d/】
4、单选题：
The assimilation rule assimilates one sound to another by “copying” a feature of a sequential phoneme, thus making the two phones ____________.
选项：
A: identical
B: same
C: exactly alike
D: similar
答案: 【 similar 】
5、单选题：
Since /p/ and /b/ are phonetically similar, occur in the same environments and they can distinguish meaning, they are said to be ___________.
选项：
A: in phonemic contrast
B: in complementary distribution
C: the allophones
D: minimal pair
答案: 【 in phonemic contrast 】
6、单选题：
The sound /f/ is _________________.
选项：
A: voiced palatal affricate
B: voiced alveolar stop
C: voiceless velar fricative
D: voiceless labiodental fricative
答案: 【 voiceless labiodental fricative 】
7、单选题：
A ____ vowel is one that is produced with the front part of the tongue maintaining the highest position.
选项：
A: back
B: central
C: front
D: middle
答案: 【 front】
8、单选题：
Distinctive features can be found running over a sequence of two or more phonemic segments. The phonemic features that occur above the level of the segments are called ____________.
选项：
A: phonetic components
B: immediate constituents
C: suprasegmental features
D: semantic features
答案: 【 suprasegmental features 】
9、单选题：
A(n) ___________ is a unit that is of distinctive value. It is an abstract unit, a collection of distinctive phonetic features.
选项：
A: phone
B: sound
C: allophone
D: phoneme
答案: 【 phoneme 】
10、单选题：
The different phones which can represent a phoneme in different phonetic environments are called the ____ of that phoneme.
选项：
A: phones
B: sounds
C: phonemes
D: allophones
答案: 【 allophones 】
11、单选题：
Which of the following is not the instance of assimilation?
选项：
A: Nasalization
B: Variation
C: Dentalization
D: Palatalization
答案: 【 Variation】
12、单选题：
The oral consonants are different from the nasal consonants in terms of .
选项：
A: the position of the velum
B: the place of articulation
C: the presence or absence of vocal-cord vibration
D: the manner of articulation
答案: 【 the position of the velum】
13、单选题：
The front vowels are different from the back vowels in terms of .
选项：
A: the shape of the lips
B: the tongue position
C: the state of the soft palate
D: the tension of the muscles of pharynx
答案: 【 the tongue position】
14、单选题：
The sound [e] is vowel.
选项：
A: a nasal front low unrounded
B: a nasal mid back unrounded
C: an oral high back vowel
D: an oral front mid unrounded
答案: 【 an oral front mid unrounded】
15、单选题：
can be simply defined as the speech sounds we use when speaking a language.
选项：
A: Phones
B: Sounds
C: Phonemes
D: Allophones
答案: 【 Phones】
16、单选题：
In terms of the place of articulation, the following sounds [t], [d], [n] share the feature .
选项：
A: palatal
B: alveolar
C: bilabial
D: dental
答案: 【 alveolar】
17、单选题：
is a typical tone language.
选项：
A: English
B: Chinese
C: French
D: Germany
答案: 【 Chinese】
18、单选题：
The sounds produced with the vocal cords vibrating are sounds.
选项：
A: voiced
B: voiceless
C: vowel
D: consonantal
答案: 【 voiced】
19、单选题：
The vowel in should be nasalized according to the assimilation rule.
选项：
A: tea
B: peep
C: flee
D: bean
答案: 【 bean】
20、单选题：
According to rule, the word sign should be pronounced as [sain].
选项：
A: deletion
B: sequential
C: assimilation
D: suprasegmental
答案: 【 deletion】
21、判断题：
Voicing is a phonological feature that distinguishes meaning in both Chinese and English.
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 正确】
22、判断题：
If two phonetically similar sounds occur in the same environments and they distinguish meaning, they are said to be in complementary distribution.
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 错误】
23、判断题：
A phone is a phonetic unit that distinguishes meaning.
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 错误】
24、判断题：
English is a tone language while Chinese is not.
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 错误】
25、判断题：
In linguistic evolution, speech is prior to writing.
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 正确】
26、判断题：
In everyday communication, speech plays a greater role than writing in terms of the amount of information conveyed.
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 正确】
27、判断题：
Articulatory phonetics tries to describe the physical properties of the stream of sounds which a speaker issues with the help of a machine called spectrograph.
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 错误】
28、判断题：
The articulatory apparatus of a human being are contained in three important areas: the throat, the mouth and the chest.
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 错误】
29、判断题：
Vibration of the vocal cords results in a quality of speech sounds called voicing.
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 正确】
30、判断题：
English consonants can be classified in terms of place of articulation and the part of the tongue that is raised the highest.
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 错误】
31、判断题：
According to the manner of articulation, some of the types into which the consonants can be classified are stops, fricatives, bilabial and alveolar.
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 错误】
32、判断题：
Vowel sounds can be differentiated by a number of factors: the position of tongue in the mouth, the openness of the mouth, the shape of the lips, and the length of the vowels.
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 正确】
33、判断题：
According to the shape of the lips, vowels can be classified into close vowels, semi-close vowels, semi-open vowels and open vowels.
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 错误】
34、判断题：
Any sound produced by a human being is a phoneme.
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 错误】
35、判断题：
Phones are the sounds that can distinguish meaning.
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 错误】
36、判断题：
Phonology is concerned with how the sounds can be classified into different categories.
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 错误】
37、判断题：
A basic way to determine the phonemes of a language is to see if substituting one sound for another results in a change of meaning.
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 正确】
38、判断题：
When two different forms are identical in every way except for one sound segment which occurs in the same place in the strings, the two words are said to form a phonemic contrast.
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 错误】
39、判断题：
The rules governing the phonological patterning are language specific.
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 正确】
40、判断题：
Distinctive features of sound segments can be found running over a sequence of two or more phonemic segments.
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 正确】
41、判断题：
[h] is described as a glottal fricative.
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 正确】
42、判断题：
When pure vowels or monophthongs are pronounced, no vowel glides take place.
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 正确】
43、判断题：
All syllables must have a nucleus but not all syllables contain an onset and a coda.
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 正确】
44、判断题：
The location of stress in English sentences sometimes distinguishes meaning.
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 正确】
45、判断题：
All vowels are voiced.
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 正确】
46、判断题：
In terms of phonetics, any segment must be either a vowel or a consonant.
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 错误】
47、判断题：
A phoneme is the basic unit in the study of phonetics.
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 错误】
48、判断题：
Any sound produced by a human being is a phoneme.
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 错误】
49、判断题：
The long vowels are all tense vowels.
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 正确】
50、判断题：
Phonetic similarity means that the allophones of a phoneme must bear some phonetic resemblance.
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 正确】
51、填空题：
____ refers to a strong puff of air stream in the production of speech sounds.
答案: 【 Aspiration】
52、填空题：
____ phonetics describes the way our speech organs work to produce the speech sounds and how they differ.
答案: 【 Articulatory】
53、填空题：
The four sounds /p/,/b/,/m/ and /w/ have one feature in common, i.e, they are all _______ sounds.
答案: 【 bilabial】
54、填空题：
Of all the speech organs, the ____ is the most flexible, and is responsible for varieties of articulation than any other.
答案: 【 tongue】
55、填空题：
English consonants can be classified in terms of manner of articulation or in terms of ____ of articulation.
答案: 【 place】
56、填空题：
When the obstruction created by the speech organs is total or complete, the speech sound produced with the obstruction audibly released and the air passing out again is called a ________.
答案: 【 stop】
57、填空题：
_________ features are the phonemic features that occur above the level of the segments. They include stress, tone, intonation, etc.
答案: 【 Suprasegmental】
58、填空题：
The rules that govern the combination of sounds in a particular language are called ____ rules.
答案: 【 sequential】
59、填空题：
The transcription of speech sounds with letter-symbols only is called broad transcription while the transcription with letter-symbols together with the diacritics is called _________ transcription.
答案: 【 narrow】
60、填空题：
When pitch, stress and sound length are tied to the sentence rather than the word in isolation, they are collectively known as _________.
答案: 【 intonation】
61、填空题：
______ is a discipline which studies the system of sounds of a particular language and how sounds are combined into meaningful units to effect linguistic communication.
答案: 【 Phonology】
62、填空题：
The articulatory apparatus of a human being are contained in three important cavities: the pharyngeal cavity, the _______ cavity and the nasal cavity.
答案: 【 oral】
63、填空题：
____ are pitch variations, which are caused by the differing rates of vibration of the vocal cords and which can distinguish meaning just like phonemes.
答案: 【 Tone】
64、填空题：
Depending on the context in which stress is considered, there are two kinds of stress: word stress and _________ stress.
答案: 【 sentence】
65、填空题：
An aspirated "p" and unaspirated "p" are of the phoneme /p/.
答案: 【 allophones】
66、填空题：
When two different forms are identical in every way except for one sound segment which occurs in the same place in the strings, the two words are said to form a .
答案: 【 minimal pair】
67、填空题：
A syllable that has no is called an open syllable.
答案: 【 coda】
68、填空题：
In English there are a number of , which are produced by moving from one vowel position to another through intervening position.
答案: 【 diphthongs】
69、填空题：
The qualities of vowels depend upon the position of the and the lips.
答案: 【 tongue】
70、填空题：
The IPA provides its users with a set of symbols called , which can be added to the letter-symbols to make finer distinctions than the letters alone possible.
答案: 【 diacritics】
71、填空题：
refers to the degree of force used in producing a syllable.
答案: 【 Stress】
72、填空题：
The process of insertion of a nasal sound to the article a when it appears before a word orange is known as .
答案: 【 epenthesis】
73、填空题：