MOOC 语言学概论（双语）(东南大学)1450758193 最新慕课完整章节测试答案
Chapter Eight Psycholinguistics
文章目录
8
8.2 Critical Period Hypothesis_习题
1、单选题：
The ____ age for the acquisition of the first language coincides with the period of brain lateralization.
选项：
A: optimum
B: youngest
C: flexible
D: relevant
答案: 【 optimum】
2、单选题：
The children's production of expressions like "Papa away", "All wet", or "Boot off" indicate that they are at ___________ of their language acquisition process.
选项：
A: the holophrastic stage
B: the two-word stage
C: the three-word stage
D: the fluent grammatical conversation stage
答案: 【 the two-word stage】
3、单选题：
The apparent specialization of the left hemisphere for language is often described as ___________, which coincides with the period during which language acquisition takes place.
选项：
A: lateralization
B: categorization
C: localization
D: standardization
答案: 【 lateralization】
4、判断题：
Adults' correction of children's speech determines how children speak.
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 错误】
5、判断题：
All normal children, regardless of culture, develop language at roughly the same time, along much the same schedule.
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 正确】
6、判断题：
Children are born with knowledge of the basic grammatical relations and categories, so it means that the biological basis is the only requirement for the first language acquisition.
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 错误】
8.3 Language Comprehension_习题
1、单选题：
The ____ age for the acquisition of the first language coincides with the period of brain lateralization.
选项：
A: youngest
B: flexible
C: optimum
D: relevant
答案: 【 optimum】
2、单选题：
The neurobiologist Eric Lenneberg is a major proponent of the idea that ________.
选项：
A: there is a distinction between acquisition and learning
B: there is a critical period for language acquisition
C: language influences thinking
D: there is interrelationship between language and thinking
答案: 【 there is a critical period for language acquisition 】
3、单选题：
The case of Genie shows that ____________.
选项：
A: language cannot be acquired at all after the critical period
B: Cerebral plasticity after puberty is still high enough to for a successful mastery of a new language
C: the language faculty of an average human degenerates after the critical period
D: the language learning should be done as early as possible
答案: 【 the language faculty of an average human degenerates after the critical period 】
4、判断题：
The bow-wow theory is a theory on language acquisition.
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 错误】
5、判断题：
The capacity to acquire one’s first language is a fundamental human trait that all human beings are equally well possessed with.
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 正确】
6、判断题：
Children follow a similar acquisition schedule of predictable stages along the route of language development across cultures, though there is an idiosyncratic variation in the amount of time that takes individuals to master different aspects of the grammar.
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 正确】
7、判断题：
Language acquisition is primarily the acquisition of the vocabulary and the meaning of language.
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 错误】
8、判断题：
Children who grow up in culture where caretaker speech is absent acquire their native language more slowly than children who are exposed to caretaker speech.
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 错误】
8.4 Language Production_习题
1、单选题：
Which of the following is NOT a major strand of psycholinguistic research?
选项：
A: comprehension
B: production
C: practice
D: acquisition
答案: 【 practice】
2、单选题：
Which of the following is NOT a level of representation involved in speaking a sentence according to Garrett?
选项：
A: The message-level representation
B: The functional-level representation
C: The informative-level representation
D: The articulatory-level representation
答案: 【 The informative-level representation】
3、单选题：
Which of the following terms is not a concept in Psycholinguistics?
选项：
A: Processing utterances
B: Producing utterances
C: Language acquisition
D: Componential analysis
答案: 【 Componential analysis】
4、单选题：
Around months, the child begins to learn words at a rate of one every two waking hours, and keeps leaning that rate or faster through adolescence.
选项：
A: 4
B: 6
C: 10
D: 18
答案: 【 18】
5、判断题：
Speakers of all languages are capable of producing and comprehending an infinite set of sentences.
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 正确】
6、判断题：
Language production has three stages.
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 正确】
7、判断题：
In generation of sentences, it will go through conceptualization, word-selection corresponding to the concept-chosen and morpho-phonological encoding.
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 错误】
8、判断题：
In generation of sentences, the first step is again conceptual preparation- deciding what to say.
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 正确】
8.5 Cognitive Linguistics_习题
1、单选题：
Which of the following is NOT an approach to the study of language and cognition?
选项：
A: The formal approach
B: The psychological approach
C: The conceptual approach
D: The conventional approach
答案: 【 The conventional approach】
2、单选题：
is based on human experiences of the world and the way they perceive and conceptualize the world.
选项：
A: Cognitive linguistics
B: Semantics
C: Pragmatics
D: Phonetics
答案: 【 Cognitive linguistics 】
3、单选题：
According to Chomsky, is the ideal user’s internalized knowledge of his language.
选项：
A: performance
B: competence
C: langue
D: parole
答案: 【 competence】
4、单选题：
seeks to ascertain the global integrated system of conceptual structuring in language.
选项：
A: Semantics
B: Cognitive linguistics
C: Pragmatics
D: Phonetics
答案: 【 Cognitive linguistics 】
5、单选题：
usually studies the psychological states and mental activity associated with the use of language.
选项：
A: Cognitive linguistics
B: Corpus linguistics
C: Psycholinguistics
D: Semantics
答案: 【 Psycholinguistics】
6、单选题：
takes the view that children acquire the language through assimilation and adaption and learn from the environment through interaction with the environment.
选项：
A: Cognitive Theory
B: Categorization
C: Blending Theory
D: Image schema
答案: 【 Cognitive Theory】
7、判断题：
Cognitive linguistics studies the relationship between language and thought, and a perennial subject of debate being whether language is a function of thinking or thought.
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 错误】
8、判断题：
Blending theory is proposed by Fauconnier and Turner to address the cognitive operation whereby elements of two or more “mental spaces” are integrated via projecting into a new, blended space which has its unique structure.
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 正确】
9、判断题：
In cognitive linguistics, categorization is the process of classifying our experiences into different categories based on commonalities and differences.
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 正确】
10、判断题：
One of the definitions of cognition is the mental process or faculty of “knowing”, including aspects such as awareness, perception, reasoning and judgement.
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 正确】
11、判断题：
Cognitive linguistics is based on human experiences of the world and the way they perceive and conceptualize the world.
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 正确】
8.6 Categorization and Image Schema_习题
1、单选题：
Which of the following is NOT a major strand of psycholinguistic research?
选项：
A: comprehension
B: production
C: practice
D: acquisition
答案: 【 practice】
2、单选题：
is a process for us to get familiar with the real world.
选项：
A: Language acquisition
B: Language comprehension
C: Language production
D: Language learning
答案: 【 Language comprehension】
3、单选题：
Language comprehension consists of three stages except .
选项：
A: Word recognition
B: comprehension of sentences
C: comprehension of text
D: language learning
答案: 【 language learning】
4、单选题：
_________ factors stand in the way of sentence comprehension.
选项：
A: 2
B: 3
C: 4
D: 5
答案: 【 2 】
5、判断题：
Speakers of all languages are capable of producing and comprehending an infinite set of sentences.
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 正确】
6、判断题：
If a language lacks a word, its speakers will not be able to grasp its concept.
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 错误】
7、判断题：
Word recognition can be viewed in terms of recognition of spoken words and printed words.
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 正确】
8、判断题：
Sentence is the net of propositions that make up the semantic interpretationsof individual sentences.
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 正确】
9、判断题：
Language comprehension is a process for us to get familiar with the real word. We can instinctively connect the known items stored in our mind to the unknown ones and access to more information in processing and comprehending language.
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 正确】
8.7 Metaphor_习题
1、单选题：
According to Lakoff and Johnson, when we are using spatial terms to talk about non-spatial concepts, we are using _____________ metaphor.
选项：
A: Ontological
B: Structural
C: Orientational
D: Rhetorical
答案: 【 Orientational】
2、多选题：
Lakoff and Johnson classify conceptual metaphors into 3 categories, including:_______________.
选项：
A: Ontological metaphor
B: Structural metaphor
C: Containment metaphor
D: Orientational metaphor
答案: 【 Ontological metaphor;
Structural metaphor;
Orientational metaphor】
3、判断题：
According to Lakoff and Johnson, structural metaphors are grounded in our experience.
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 正确】
4、填空题：
Metaphor involves the comparison of two concepts in that one is construed in terms of the other. It is often described in terms of a _________ domain and a ______________ domain.
答案: 【 target; source##%_YZPRLFH_%##source; target】
5、填空题：
Metonymy, in the cognitive literature, is defined as a cognitive process in which the vehicle provided mental access to the target domain within the same domain, and it is modeled as ___________________ by Lakoff.
答案: 【 Idealized Cognitive Models】
第八单元心理语言学测验
1、单选题：
The ____ age for the acquisition of the first language coincides with the period of brain lateralization.
选项：
A: optimum
B: youngest
C: flexible
D: relevant
答案: 【 optimum】
2、单选题：
Which of the following is not a subject of research within psycholinguistics?
选项：
A: Language production.
B: Language comprehension.
C: Language acquisition.
D: Language planning.
E: Language disorder.
F: Language and thought.
G: Language documentation.
答案: 【 Language planning.;
Language documentation.】
3、单选题：
is based on human experiences of the world and the way they perceive and conceptualize the world.
选项：
A: Cognitive linguistics
B: Psycholinguistics
C: Pragmatics
D: Phonetics
答案: 【 Cognitive linguistics】
4、单选题：
usually studies the psychological states and mental activity associated with the use of language.
选项：
A: Corpus linguistics
B: Psycholinguistics
C: Cognitive linguistics
D: Semantics
答案: 【 Psycholinguistics】
5、单选题：
According to Lakoff and Johnson, “His greediness began to balloon quickly” represents a(an) .
选项：
A: structural metaphor
B: rhetorical metaphor
C: ontological metaphor
D: orientational metaphor
答案: 【 ontological metaphor】
6、单选题：
Which of the following fields does not have much influence on psycholinguistics?
选项：
A: Structural linguistics.
B: Cognitive psychology.
C: Transformational grammar.
D: Systemetic-functional grammar.
E: Neurosciences.
答案: 【 Systemetic-functional grammar.】
7、单选题：
Which of the following is not an approach to the study of language and cognition?
选项：
A: The psychological approach.
B: The conceptual approach.
C: The formal approach.
D: The pragmatic approach.
答案: 【 The pragmatic approach.】
8、单选题：
_________ is defined as a cognitive process in which the vehicle provides mental access to the target within the same domain; and in cognitive literature is modeled as Idealized Cognitive Models.
选项：
A: Metonymy
B: Metaphor
C: Mental space
D: Cross-space mapping
答案: 【 Metonymy】
9、单选题：
In cognitive linguistics, is the process of classifying our experiences into different categories based on commonalities and differences.
选项：
A: categorization
B: blending
C: construal
D: reasoning and judgment
E: conceptualization
答案: 【 categorization】
10、单选题：
The categories at the _________ are those that are most culturally salient and are required to fulfill our cognitive needs the best.
选项：
A: superordinate level
B: subordinate level
C: basic level
D: primary level
答案: 【 basic level】
11、判断题：
The bow-wow theory is a theory on language acquisition.
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 错误】
12、判断题：
One of the definitions of cognition is the mental process or faculty of “knowing”, including aspects such as awareness, perception, reasoning and judgment.
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 正确】
13、判断题：
Word lays in the central position in language comprehension because of its extremely important role in transmitting the meaning.
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 正确】
14、判断题：
The conceptual approach to the study of language and cognition can be said to address how language structures conceptual content.
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 正确】
15、判断题：
The reinforcement theory, based on behaviourist psychology, is used to account for linguistic behaviour with stimulus and response.
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 正确】
16、判断题：
Child language acquisition results from the interaction of the innate linguistic competence and the postnatal experiences of the external world.
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 正确】
17、判断题：
Image Schema is a recurring, dynamic pattern of our perceptual interaction and motor programs that gives coherence and structure to our experience.
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 正确】
Chapter Five Syntax
5.1 Concept of grammar_习题
1、单选题：
A sentence is considered ____ when it does not conform to the grammatical knowledge in the mind of native speakers.
选项：
A: right
B: wrong
C: grammatical
D: ungrammatical
答案: 【 ungrammatical】
2、单选题：
A __________ in the embedded clause refers to the introductory word that introduces the embedded clause.
选项：
A: coordinator
B: particle
C: preposition
D: subordinator
答案: 【 subordinator】
3、单选题：
Phrase structure rules have ____ properties.
选项：
A: recursive
B: grammatical
C: social
D: functional
答案: 【 recursive 】
4、单选题：
Phrase structure rules allow us to better understand _____________.
选项：
A: how words and phrases form sentences.
B: what constitutes the grammaticality of strings of words
C: how people produce and recognize possible sentences
D: All of the above.
答案: 【 All of the above.】
5、单选题：
The syntactic rules of any language are ____ in number.
选项：
A: large
B: small
C: finite
D: infinite
答案: 【 finite 】
6、判断题：
Descriptive grammar refers to grammarian’s attempt to legislate what speakers’ grammatical rules should be, rather than what they are.
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 错误】
7、判断题：
Universally found in the grammars of all human languages, syntactic rules that comprise the system of internalized linguistic knowledge of a language speaker are known as linguistic competence.
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 正确】
8、判断题：
The syntactic rules of any language are finite in number, but there is no limit to the number of sentences native speakers of that language are able to produce and comprehend.
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 正确】
9、判断题：
In a complex sentence, the two clauses hold unequal status, one subordinating the other.
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 正确】
5.2 Syntactic relations_习题
1、单选题：
A __________ in the embedded clause refers to the introductory word that introduces the embedded clause.
选项：
A: coordinator
B: particle
C: preposition
D: subordinator
答案: 【 subordinator】
2、单选题：
Which of the following is NOT included in the three classes of syntactic relations?
选项：
A: positional relations
B: relations of co-occurrence
C: relations of expansion
D: relations of substitutability
答案: 【 relations of expansion】
3、单选题：
The theory of case condition accounts for the fact that __________.
选项：
A: noun phrases appear only in subject and object positions
B: noun phrases can be used to modify another noun phrase
C: noun phrase can be used in adverbial positions
D: noun phrase can be moved to any place if necessary
答案: 【 noun phrases appear only in subject and object positions】
4、单选题：
The sentence structure is ________.
选项：
A: only linear
B: only hierarchical
C: complex
D: both linear and hierarchical
答案: 【 both linear and hierarchical】
5、单选题：
refers to a relation holding between elements replaced with each other at a particular place in a structure, or between one element present and the others absent.
选项：
A: syntagmatic relation
B: morphological
C: linguistic
D: paradigmatic relation
答案: 【 paradigmatic relation】
6、判断题：
Constituents that can be substituted for one another without loss of grammaticality belong to the same syntactic category.
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 正确】
7、判断题：
Sentences are composed of sequence of words arranged in a simple linear order, with one adding onto another following a simple arithmetic logic.
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 错误】
8、判断题：
What is actually internalized in the mind of a native speaker is a complete list of words and phrases rather than grammatical knowledge.
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 错误】
9、判断题：
WH-movement is obligatory in English which changes a sentence from affirmative to interrogative.
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 正确】
10、判断题：
In a complex sentence, the two clauses hold unequal status, one subordinating the other.
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 正确】
5.3 IC Analysis_习题
1、单选题：
The structural approach to the analysis of language is connected with____________.
选项：
A: theme and rheme
B: government and binding
C: immediate constituent analysis
D: mood and modality
答案: 【 immediate constituent analysis】
2、单选题：
Phrase structure rules allow us to better understand _____________.
选项：
A: how words and phrases form sentences
B: what constitutes the grammaticality of strings of words
C: how people produce and recognize possible sentences
D: All of the above
答案: 【 All of the above】
3、单选题：
Immediate Constituents Analysis is a way to dismantle a grammatical construction in .
选项：
A: transformational generative grammar
B: systemic functional grammar
C: traditional grammar
D: structural grammar
答案: 【 structural grammar】
4、填空题：
refers to the analysis of a sentence in terms of its immediate constituents – word groups (or phrases), which are in turn analyzed into the immediate constituents of their own, and the process goes on until the ultimate constituents are reached.
答案: 【 IC Analysis】
5.4 Grammatical construction_习题
1、单选题：
Which of the following is a right-headed endocentric compound?
选项：
A: make-up
B: night-school
C: takehome
D: pickpocket
答案: 【 night-school】
2、单选题：
Typical endocentric constructions are not .
选项：
A: noun phrases
B: prepositional phrases
C: adjective phrases
D: verb phrases
答案: 【 prepositional phrases】
3、单选题：
The three small children with children as its head, belongs to .
选项：
A: endocentric construction
B: exocentric construction
C: D-structure
D: immediate constituents
答案: 【 endocentric construction 】
4、判断题：
Construction is the grammatical structure of a sentence or any smaller unit, represented by a set of elements and relations between elements.
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 正确】
5、判断题：
Construction can be divided into two types: endocentric construction and exocentric construction.
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 正确】
6、判断题：
Exocentric construction is also called headed construction.
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 错误】
7、判断题：
Endocentric construction can be further divided into the following two types: subordinate endocentric construction and coordinate endocentric construction.
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 正确】
8、填空题：
is just the opposite of endocentric construction. If refers to a group of syntactically related words where none of the words is functionally equivalent to the group as a whole, that is, there is no definable “centre” or “head” inside the group. Exocentric construction usually includes basic sentence, prepositional phrase, predicate (verb+object) construction, and connective (be+complement) construction.
答案: 【 Exocentric construction】
9、填空题：
is one whose distribution is functionally equivalent to that of one or more of its constituents, i.e., a word or a group of words, which serves as a definable centre or head.
答案: 【 Endocentric construction】
5.5 TG grammar_习题
1、单选题：
Syntactic movement is dictated by rules traditionally called ________.
选项：
A: transformational rules
B: generative rules
C: phrase structure rules
D: x-bar theory
答案: 【 transformational rules】
2、单选题：
_______ rules may change the syntactic representation of a sentence.
选项：
A: Generative
B: Transformational
C: X-bar
D: Phrase structure
答案: 【 Transformational】
3、单选题：
The representative figure of TG grammar is .
选项：
A: Halliday
B: Chomsky
C: Malinowski
D: Saussure
答案: 【 Chomsky】
4、单选题：
A grammar which consists of a set of statements or rules which specify which sequences of language are possible, and which impossible, is a grammar.
选项：
A: systemic
B: descriptive
C: generative
D: functional
答案: 【 generative】
5、判断题：
The generative-transformational grammar intends to account for the speaker’s linguistic competence.
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【