MOOC Basic Biochemistry(Northwest A&F University)1461613176 最新慕课完整章节测试答案

Test for Chapter 10

1、单选题：
What is the acyl carrier for the de novo synthesis of fatty acids? ​
选项：
A: ACP
B: CoA 
C: Biotin
D: TPP
答案: 【 ACP】

2、单选题：
Which of the following cofactors is involved in the β - oxidation of fatty acids? ​
选项：
A: NAD+
B: ACP 
C: FMN
D: Biotin
答案: 【 NAD+】

3、单选题：
How many ATP can be generated by the complete oxidation of one molecule of palmitic acid?‌
选项：
A: 108 ATP 
B: 106 ATP 
C: 98 ATP 
D: 96 ATP
答案: 【 106 ATP 】

4、单选题：
How many NADH and FADH2 will be produced by β - oxidation of the activated acyl CoA?‍
选项：
A: 1 FADH2 and 1 NADH
B: 2 FADH2 and 1 NADH  
C: Only 1 FADH2
D: Only 1 NADH
答案: 【 1 FADH2 and 1 NADH】

5、单选题：
Which of the following is wrong about "β - oxidation theory"? ‍
选项：
A: Isotopic tracing technique proves the correctness of this theory.
B: It is one of the most creative labeling experiments before the establishment of isotope tracing technology.  
C: In vivo, the non degradable phenyl is connected to the methyl end of fatty acids as a marker. 
D: If fed with benzene ring labeled odd number of carbon atom fatty acids, the metabolites found in urine are all phenylacetic acid.
答案: 【 If fed with benzene ring labeled odd number of carbon atom fatty acids, the metabolites found in urine are all phenylacetic acid.】

6、单选题：
Which of the following is an abbreviation for acyl carrier protein?  ‎
选项：
A: GSH
B: ACP
C: BCCP
D: CoASH
答案: 【 ACP】

7、单选题：
What is the rate limiting enzyme for the de novo synthesis of fatty acids?   ‏
选项：
A: Acetyl CoA carboxylase  
B: α,β-enoyl ACP reductase
C: β- ketoacyl-ACP reductase 
D: Condensase
答案: 【 Acetyl CoA carboxylase  】

8、单选题：
In the process of fatty acid β - oxidation, what kind of substance is loaded into mitochondria by fatty acid CoA?‌‌
选项：
A: Carnitine 
B:  ACP
C: Acetylcarnitine 
D: Citric acid
答案: 【 Carnitine 】

9、单选题：
What is the end product usually released by fatty acid synthetase complex? ‌
选项：
A: Palmitic acid  
B: Linoleic acid
C: Oleic acid 
D: Stearic acid
答案: 【 Palmitic acid  】

10、单选题：
In the de novo synthesis of fatty acids in animal cells, what are the compounds that transfer the acetylcoa produced by glucose metabolism from mitochondria to cytoplasm? ‍
选项：
A: Citric acid    
B: Malic acid
C: Pyruvic acid
D: Oxaloacetic acid
答案: 【 Citric acid    】

11、单选题：
Ketone body does not include which of the following substances ?  ‍
选项：
A: β - hydroxybutyric acid
B: Acetone
C: Acetoacetate 
D: Pyruvic acid
答案: 【 Pyruvic acid】

Test for Chapter 11

1、判断题：
In humans, the degradation of ingested proteins to their constituent amino acids initially occurs in the oral cavity. ‎
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 错误】

2、判断题：
‏Trypsinogen, chymotrypsinogen, and procarboxypeptidases A and B—the zymogens of trypsin, chymotrypsin, and carboxypeptidases A and B—are synthesized and secreted by the exocrine cells of the pancreas.‎
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 正确】

3、判断题：
‍The first step in the catabolism of most L-amino acids is removal of the α-amino groups, promoted by enzymes called aminotransferases or transaminases.‏
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 正确】

4、判断题：
‏All aminotransferases have the same prosthetic group that is pyridoxal phosphate (PLP). ​
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 正确】

5、判断题：
‎The combined action of an aminotransferase and glutamate dehydrogenase is referred to as transdeamination. ‍
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 正确】

6、判断题：
‏The glutamate dehydrogenase of mammalian liver has the unusual capacity to use either FAD or FMN as cofactor.‌
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 错误】

7、判断题：
‎Proteases degrade ingested proteins in the stomach and small intestine. ‌
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 正确】

8、判断题：
‏Among the twenty-one amino acids that make up proteins, only two amino acids, leucine and lysine, are exclusively ketogenic.‎
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 正确】

9、判断题：
‏After the removal of amino groups, the carbon skeletons of amino acids undergo oxidation to compounds that can enter the urea cycle for oxidation to CO2 and H2O. ‍
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 错误】

10、判断题：
‍Depending on their degradative end product, some amino acids can be converted to ketone bodies,some to glucose, and some to both. ‎
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 正确】

Test for Chapter 12

1、单选题：
‌The primary manner for the deamination of amino acids in muscle involves (    ). ‏
选项：
A: purine nucleotide cycle
B: oxidative deamination of glutarate 
C: transamination 
D: ornithine cycle 
E: conjunction of transamination and purine nucleotide cycle
F: conjunction of transamination and oxidative deamination
答案: 【 conjunction of transamination and purine nucleotide cycle】

2、单选题：
‍The form transporting and storing ammonia in the body is (    ). ‎
选项：
A: glutamate
B: glutamine
C: glutathione
D: glycine
E: urea
答案: 【 urea】

3、单选题：
‍The compound which does not belong to one carbon unit as follow is (    ). ‍
选项：
A: -CH3
B: =CH2
C: =CH-
D: CO2
答案: 【 CO2】

4、单选题：
‍The most important role of S-adenosyl methionine (SAM) is (    ). ‍
选项：
A: to provide methionine
B: to synthesize tetrahydrofolate
C: to synthesize purine nucleotides
D: to synthesize pyrimidine nucleotides
E: to supply methyl group
答案: 【 to supply methyl group】

5、多选题：
‌The fate of ammonia is (    ) in the body. ‎
选项：
A: to synthesize nonessential amino acids
B: to synthesize glutamine and asparaginate
C: to synthesize urea
D: to synthesize alanine
E: to synthesize pyrimidine
F: to enter alanine-glucose cycle
答案: 【 to synthesize nonessential amino acids;
to synthesize glutamine and asparaginate;
to synthesize urea;
to synthesize pyrimidine;
to enter alanine-glucose cycle】

6、判断题：
‏Nitrate reductases are inducible enzymes that are induced by nitrate substrates​
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 正确】

7、判断题：
‍In nature, biological nitrogen fixation accounts for about 2/3 of the total amount of nitrogen fixation, and industrial and other ways account for about 1/3‌
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 正确】

8、判断题：
‏Biological nitrogen fixation requires an adequate supply of ATP, a strong reducing agent, and an anaerobic environment‎
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 正确】

9、判断题：
‍Nitrate nitrogen is the most easily absorbed by plants, but it can only be used after it is converted into ammonium nitrogen in plants. This nitrogen reduction process can be carried out in roots or leaves of plants, mainly in leaves.​
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 正确】

Test for Chapter 13

1、单选题：
Which substance is firstly produced during de novo synthesis of purine nucleotides：​
选项：
A: AMP
B: GMP  
C: IMP 
D: ATP 
E: GTP 
答案: 【 IMP 】

2、单选题：
Which substance is the direct precursor of dTMP synthesis：‌
选项：
A: dUMP
B: TMP
C: TDP
D: dUDP
E: dCMP
答案: 【 dUMP】

3、单选题：
Which amino acid is involved in both purine and pyrimidine synthesis：​
选项：
A: Asp  
B: Gln 
C: Gly
D:  Asn
答案: 【 Asp  】

4、单选题：
Which of the following substances is not required in the biosynthesis of pyrimidine nucleotides:‏
选项：
A: Carbamoyl phosphate
B: Asp   
C: Glu
D: PRPP
答案: 【 Glu】

5、单选题：
Which of the following substances is the end product of purine nucleotide decomposition in human body：‌
选项：
A: Urea
B: Creatine
C: Creatinine
D: Uric acid 
E: β-alanine
答案: 【 Uric acid 】

6、单选题：
Which of the following nucleotides can be broken down into β - aminoisobutyric acid in vivo：‎
选项：
A: UMP
B: AMP 
C: TMP 
D: CMP
E: IMP
答案: 【 TMP 】

7、单选题：
‏The synthesis of deoxynucleotides takes place at (    ) level. ‏
选项：
A: NMP
B: NDP
C: NTP
D: dNDP
E: dNTP
答案: 【 NDP】

8、单选题：
‍Which vitamin deficiency can interfere with DNA synthesis? (    ) ‍
选项：
A: VitB1
B: Vit B2
C: VitB6
D: VitPP
E: folate
答案: 【 folate】

9、单选题：
‌The end catabolic product of purine nucleotides in human is (     )‌
选项：
A: Urea
B: Uric acid 
C: Creatinine 
D: Creatine 
E: β -alanine
答案: 【 Uric acid 】

10、多选题：
‌Feature of de novo synthesis for pyrimidine nucleotide is (    ).‍
选项：
A: synthesizing base on the basis of ribose-5-phosphate 
B: providing methyl group by N5-CH3-FH4
C: synthesizing carbamoyl phosphate first 
D: incorporating aspartic acid into the molecule
E: providing nitrogen atom by glutamate
答案: 【 synthesizing carbamoyl phosphate first ;
incorporating aspartic acid into the molecule】

11、多选题：
​Few of the properties in purine de novo synthesis is that (     ) ‍
选项：
A: the first step is the production of PRPP 
B: one carbon unit is provided by THFA
C: orotate phosphate is an intermediate 
D: glycine does not incorporate in the pathway
E: glycine is the direct nitrogen donor
答案: 【 the first step is the production of PRPP ;
one carbon unit is provided by THFA;
glycine is the direct nitrogen donor】

12、多选题：
‏Few of the properties in pyrimidine synthesis is that (     ) ‎
选项：
A: the base is synthesized based on 5-phosphate ribose
B: One carbon unit is provided by FH4 
C: Whole aspartic acid molecule incorporates in the synthesis 
D: The first synthesized intermediate is carbamoyl phosphate 
E: Glutamate is the nitrogen donor
答案: 【 Whole aspartic acid molecule incorporates in the synthesis ;
The first synthesized intermediate is carbamoyl phosphate 】

Test for Chapter 15

1、单选题：
​The organelle that cannot synthesize protein is (     )‍
选项：
A: Chloroplasts
B: Mitochondria 
C: Golgi apparatus
D: Ribosomes
答案: 【 Golgi apparatus】

2、单选题：
The molecule that provides energy for protein biosynthesis on the ribosome is (      )‎
选项：
A: ATP
B: GTP
C: UTP
D: CTP
答案: 【 GTP】

3、单选题：
The role of tRNA is (     )‌
选项：
A: Bring amino acids to the mRNA position
B: Link one amino acid to another.
C: Attach the mRNA to the ribosome
D: Increase the effective concentration of amino acids
答案: 【 Bring amino acids to the mRNA position】

4、单选题：
In the whole process of protein biosynthesis, the following unwanted substances are (     )‌
选项：
A:  Meaningful strand 
B: tRNA
C: Ribosome
D: mRNA
答案: 【  Meaningful strand 】

5、单选题：
After the eukaryotic cell ribosomal size subunits are combined, the sedimentation coefficient is (    )​
选项：
A: 40S+60S=80S
B: 30S+50S=80S
C: 40S+60S=100S
D: 30S+50S=70S
答案: 【 40S+60S=80S】

6、单选题：
What can recognize UAA, UAG and UGA (      )​​
选项：
A: Release factor
B: Elongation factor
C:  Ribosome 
D: Transpeptide
答案: 【 Release factor】

7、单选题：
The role of the ribosomal A site is (     )‍
选项：
A: Accept new aminoacyl-tRNA in place
B: Contains peptidyl transferase activity and catalyzes the formation of peptide bonds.
C: Starting point for peptide synthesis
D: Hydrolyzable peptidyl-tRNA release polypeptide chain
答案: 【 Accept new aminoacyl-tRNA in place】

8、单选题：
The bond between amino acid and tRNA is (     )​
选项：
A: Amide bond
B: Hydrogen bond 
C: Ester bond
D: Glycosidic bond
答案: 【 Amide bond】

9、单选题：
The similarities of protein synthesis between eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells are (      )‎
选项：
A: Requires GTP
B: Formylmethionine is the first amino acid
C: Templates are all cistrons
D:  Translation and transcription coupling
答案: 【 Requires GTP】

10、多选题：
 Which of the following is correct about protein synthesis (      )‍
选项：
A: There are many proteins, enzymes and other biological macromolecules involved in each stage of synthesis.
B: Transfer RNA (transfer RNA, tRNA) is the junction between the template and the amino acid.
C: Ribosome is a place for protein synthesis.
D: mRNA is a template for protein synthesis.
答案: 【 There are many proteins, enzymes and other biological macromolecules involved in each stage of synthesis.;
Transfer RNA (transfer RNA, tRNA) is the junction between the template and the amino acid.;
Ribosome is a place for protein synthesis.;
mRNA is a template for protein synthesis.】

11、多选题：
Which of the following statements about the characteristics of the genetic code is correct (     )​​
选项：
A:  The code transmission is continuous, and there is no break or duplication between codons
B: The code is degenerate, one amino acid is encoded by multiple codons
C: Interaction between codon and anticodon
D: The code is universal, and the genetic code is completely consistent in all organism.
答案: 【  The code transmission is continuous, and there is no break or duplication between codons;
The code is degenerate, one amino acid is encoded by multiple codons;
Interaction between codon and anticodon】

12、多选题：
Which of the following statements about tRNA is correct (     )‍
选项：
A: 5' end is CCA-OH.
B: The secondary structure is clover type.
C: Its D arm contains dihydrouracil.
D: The change in the number of bases is mainly caused by redundant loops.
答案: 【 The secondary structure is clover type.;
Its D arm contains dihydrouracil.;
The change in the number of bases is mainly caused by redundant loops.】

13、多选题：
Which of the following statements is correct (      )‏
选项：
A: The tRNA that specifically recognizes the start codon on the mRNA template is called the start tRNA
B:  Isoform tRNA: different tRNAs representing the same amino acid.
C:  Codon recognition depends on amino acids
D: Correct tRNA: Add the correct amino acid to the tRNA on the polypeptide chain by changing the anti-codon region.
答案: 【 The tRNA that specifically recognizes the start codon on the mRNA template is called the start tRNA;
 Isoform tRNA: different tRNAs representing the same amino acid.;
Correct tRNA: Add the correct amino acid to the tRNA on the polypeptide chain by changing the anti-codon region.】

14、多选题：
Regarding the ribosome, which of the following statements is correct (     )‏
选项：
A:  The ribosome consists of large and small subunits
B: The ribosome is composed of rRNA and protein
C: The ribosome is a multi-enzyme complex, and a single enzyme or protein has catalytic properties only within this overall structure
D: The protein types contained in the ribosomal size subunit are the same
答案: 【  The ribosome consists of large and small subunits;
The ribosome is composed of rRNA and protein;
The ribosome is a multi-enzyme complex, and a single enzyme or protein has catalytic properties only within this overall structure】

15、多选题：
Regarding the function of ribosomal rRNA, which of the following statements is correct (       )‌
选项：
A: The 3’ end of 16S rRNA directly interacts with mRNA
B: Both 16S and 23S rRNA are involved in the interaction between subunits.
C: Interaction of 23ψrRNA and GTψCG sequence on tRNA TψC loop.
D: 5S rRNA interacts with the CCA end of peptidyl-tRNA at A and P sites.
答案: 【 The 3’ end of 16S rRNA directly interacts with mRNA;
Both 16S and 23S rRNA are involved in the interaction between subunits.】

16、多选题：
Which of the following statements is correct (     )‏
选项：
A:  There is only one aminoacyl tRNA synthetase for each amino acid, so there are 20 aminoacyl tRNA synthetases
B: The site on the tRNA that recognizes the aminoacyl tRNA synthetase is located in the DHU arm in the middle of the inverted L-shaped structure of the tertiary structure
C: The recognition site of the ribosome is located in the TψC loop in the tertiary structure of tRNA
D: Prokaryotic tRNA does not require processing after transcription
答案: 【  There is only one aminoacyl tRNA synthetase for each amino acid, so there are 20 aminoacyl tRNA synthetases;
The site on the tRNA that recognizes the aminoacyl tRNA synthetase is located in the DHU arm in the middle of the inverted L-shaped structure of the tertiary structure;
The recognition site of the ribosome is located in the TψC loop in the tertiary structure of tRNA】

17、多选题：
Which of the following statements about ribosome function is correct (      )‍
选项：
A: The ribosome has 3 tRNA binding sites, E site, P site and A site
B: P site is the aminoacyl tRNA binding site
C: The small ribosomal subunit is responsible for sequence-specific recognition of template mRNA.
D: The large subunit is responsible for carrying the functions of AA and tRNA.
答案: 【 The ribosome has 3 tRNA binding sites, E site, P site and A site;
The small ribosomal subunit is responsible for sequence-specific recognition of template mRNA.;
The large subunit is responsible for carrying the functions of AA and tRNA.】

18、多选题：
The following statement is correct (      )‍
选项：
A: Aminoacyl tRNA synthetase has specificity and proofreading function
B: The formation of the starting complex requires energy provided by GTP, and requires the participation of Mg2+, NH4+, and three starting factors (IF-1, IF-2, IF-3).
C: Activation of amino acids in protein synthesis requires energy consumption, provided by GTP.
D: The first amino acid added by eukaryotes is formylmethionine
答案: 【 Aminoacyl tRNA synthetase has specificity and proofreading function;
The formation of the starting complex requires energy provided by GTP, and requires the participation of Mg2+, NH4+, and three starting factors (IF-1, IF-2, IF-3).】

19、多选题：
The difference between eukaryotic translation initiation mechanism and prokaryotes is (       )‌
选项：
A:  Large ribosome
B: More starting factors
C: Met-tRNAMet is not formylated.
D: Both the cap at the 5’ end of the mRNA and the poly A at the 3’ end are involved in the formation of translation initiation complexes
答案: 【  Large ribosome;
More starting factors;
Met-tRNAMet is not formylated.;
Both the cap at the 5’ end of the mRNA and the poly A at the 3’ end are involved in the formation of translation initiation complexes】

20、多选题：
Regarding the extension factor, which of the following statements is correct (      )‍
选项：
A: Both EF-G and EF-Tu are GTP-binding proteins, which can bind to ribosomes when binding to GTP, but not to ribosomes when binding to GDP.
B: EF-Tu can help aminoacyl-tRNA enter A site.
C: EF-G and EF-Tu can simultaneously bind to ribosomes.
D: EF-Ts is involved in ribosome translocation.
答案: 【 Both EF-G and EF-Tu are GTP-binding proteins, which can bind to ribosomes when binding to GTP, but not to ribosomes when binding to GDP.;
EF-Tu can help aminoacyl-tRNA enter A site.】

21、多选题：
Regarding the termination of the peptide chain in protein synthesis, which of the following statements is correct (      )‏
选项：
A: The release factor can recognize the stop codon and bind it to hydrolyze the ester bond between the polypeptide chain at the P position and the tRNA
B: The nascent peptide chain and tRNA are released from the ribosome, the ribosome disintegrates, and the protein synthesis ends
C: There are two types of release factors, which perform different functions
D: The prokaryote and eukaryote release factors are the same.
答案: 【 The release factor can recognize the stop codon and bind it to hydrolyze the ester bond between the polypeptide chain at the P position and the tRNA;
The nascent peptide chain and tRNA are released from the ribosome, the ribosome disintegrates, and the protein synthesis ends;
There are two types of release factors, which perform different functions】

22、多选题：
What are the processing of protein precursors? (     )​
选项：
A: Removal of N-terminal fMet or Met
B: Formation of disulfide bonds
C: Modification of specific amino acids.
D: Excision of non-functional fragments in the nascent chain
答案: 【 Removal of N-terminal fMet or Met;
Formation of disulfide bonds;
Modification of specific amino acids.;
Excision of non-functional fragments in the nascent chain】

23、多选题：
Which of the following statements about protein synthesis inhibitors is incorrect (       )‎
选项：
A: Streptomycin prevents AA-tRNA from binding to ribosomes
B: T