MOOC 语言学导论(广东工业大学)1450439168 最新慕课完整章节测试答案
Chapter Five Syntax
文章目录
5.1 Concept of grammar_习题
1、单选题：
A sentence is considered ____ when it does not conform to the grammatical knowledge in the mind of native speakers.
选项：
A: right
B: wrong
C: grammatical
D: ungrammatical
答案: 【 ungrammatical】
2、单选题：
A __________ in the embedded clause refers to the introductory word that introduces the embedded clause.
选项：
A: coordinator
B: particle
C: preposition
D: subordinator
答案: 【 subordinator】
3、单选题：
Phrase structure rules have ____ properties.
选项：
A: recursive
B: grammatical
C: social
D: functional
答案: 【 recursive 】
4、单选题：
Phrase structure rules allow us to better understand _____________.
选项：
A: how words and phrases form sentences.
B: what constitutes the grammaticality of strings of words
C: how people produce and recognize possible sentences
D: All of the above.
答案: 【 All of the above.】
5、单选题：
The syntactic rules of any language are ____ in number.
选项：
A: large
B: small
C: finite
D: infinite
答案: 【 finite 】
6、判断题：
Descriptive grammar refers to grammarian’s attempt to legislate what speakers’ grammatical rules should be, rather than what they are.
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 错误】
7、判断题：
Universally found in the grammars of all human languages, syntactic rules that comprise the system of internalized linguistic knowledge of a language speaker are known as linguistic competence.
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 正确】
8、判断题：
The syntactic rules of any language are finite in number, but there is no limit to the number of sentences native speakers of that language are able to produce and comprehend.
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 正确】
9、判断题：
In a complex sentence, the two clauses hold unequal status, one subordinating the other.
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 正确】
5.2 Syntactic relations_习题
1、单选题：
A __________ in the embedded clause refers to the introductory word that introduces the embedded clause.
选项：
A: coordinator
B: particle
C: preposition
D: subordinator
答案: 【 subordinator】
2、单选题：
Which of the following is NOT included in the three classes of syntactic relations?
选项：
A: positional relations
B: relations of co-occurrence
C: relations of expansion
D: relations of substitutability
答案: 【 relations of expansion】
3、单选题：
The theory of case condition accounts for the fact that __________.
选项：
A: noun phrases appear only in subject and object positions
B: noun phrases can be used to modify another noun phrase
C: noun phrase can be used in adverbial positions
D: noun phrase can be moved to any place if necessary
答案: 【 noun phrases appear only in subject and object positions】
4、单选题：
The sentence structure is ________.
选项：
A: only linear
B: only hierarchical
C: complex
D: both linear and hierarchical
答案: 【 both linear and hierarchical】
5、单选题：
refers to a relation holding between elements replaced with each other at a particular place in a structure, or between one element present and the others absent.
选项：
A: syntagmatic relation
B: morphological
C: linguistic
D: paradigmatic relation
答案: 【 paradigmatic relation】
6、判断题：
Constituents that can be substituted for one another without loss of grammaticality belong to the same syntactic category.
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 正确】
7、判断题：
Sentences are composed of sequence of words arranged in a simple linear order, with one adding onto another following a simple arithmetic logic.
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 错误】
8、判断题：
What is actually internalized in the mind of a native speaker is a complete list of words and phrases rather than grammatical knowledge.
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 错误】
9、判断题：
WH-movement is obligatory in English which changes a sentence from affirmative to interrogative.
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 正确】
10、判断题：
In a complex sentence, the two clauses hold unequal status, one subordinating the other.
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 正确】
5.3 IC Analysis_习题
1、单选题：
The structural approach to the analysis of language is connected with____________.
选项：
A: theme and rheme
B: government and binding
C: immediate constituent analysis
D: mood and modality
答案: 【 immediate constituent analysis】
2、单选题：
Phrase structure rules allow us to better understand _____________.
选项：
A: how words and phrases form sentences
B: what constitutes the grammaticality of strings of words
C: how people produce and recognize possible sentences
D: All of the above
答案: 【 All of the above】
3、单选题：
Immediate Constituents Analysis is a way to dismantle a grammatical construction in .
选项：
A: transformational generative grammar
B: systemic functional grammar
C: traditional grammar
D: structural grammar
答案: 【 structural grammar】
4、填空题：
refers to the analysis of a sentence in terms of its immediate constituents – word groups (or phrases), which are in turn analyzed into the immediate constituents of their own, and the process goes on until the ultimate constituents are reached.
答案: 【 IC Analysis】
5.4 Grammatical construction_习题
1、单选题：
Which of the following is a right-headed endocentric compound?
选项：
A: make-up
B: night-school
C: takehome
D: pickpocket
答案: 【 night-school】
2、单选题：
Typical endocentric constructions are not .
选项：
A: noun phrases
B: prepositional phrases
C: adjective phrases
D: verb phrases
答案: 【 prepositional phrases】
3、单选题：
The three small children with children as its head, belongs to .
选项：
A: endocentric construction
B: exocentric construction
C: D-structure
D: immediate constituents
答案: 【 endocentric construction 】
4、判断题：
Construction is the grammatical structure of a sentence or any smaller unit, represented by a set of elements and relations between elements.
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 正确】
5、判断题：
Construction can be divided into two types: endocentric construction and exocentric construction.
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 正确】
6、判断题：
Exocentric construction is also called headed construction.
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 错误】
7、判断题：
Endocentric construction can be further divided into the following two types: subordinate endocentric construction and coordinate endocentric construction.
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 正确】
8、填空题：
is just the opposite of endocentric construction. If refers to a group of syntactically related words where none of the words is functionally equivalent to the group as a whole, that is, there is no definable “centre” or “head” inside the group. Exocentric construction usually includes basic sentence, prepositional phrase, predicate (verb+object) construction, and connective (be+complement) construction.
答案: 【 Exocentric construction】
9、填空题：
is one whose distribution is functionally equivalent to that of one or more of its constituents, i.e., a word or a group of words, which serves as a definable centre or head.
答案: 【 Endocentric construction】
第五单元句法学测试
1、单选题：
The syntactic rules of any language are ____ in number.
选项：
A: large
B: small
C: finite
D: infinite
答案: 【 finite 】
2、单选题：
Which of the following is NOT included in the three classes of syntactic relations?
选项：
A: positional relations
B: relations of co-occurrence
C: relations of expansion
D: relations of substitutability
答案: 【 relations of expansion】
3、单选题：
The sentence structure is ________.
选项：
A: only linear
B: only hierarchical
C: complex
D: both linear and hierarchical
答案: 【 both linear and hierarchical】
4、单选题：
____ refers to a relation holding between elements replaced with each other at a particular place in a structure, or between one element present and the others absent.
选项：
A: Syntagmatic relation
B: Paradigmatic relation
C: Horizontal relation
D: Syntactic relation
答案: 【 Paradigmatic relation】
5、单选题：
The structural approach to the analysis of language is connected with____________.
选项：
A: theme and rheme
B: government and binding
C: immediate constituent analysis
D: mood and modality
答案: 【 immediate constituent analysis】
6、单选题：
________ construction is one whose distribution is functionally equivalent to that of one or more of its constituents, i.e., a word or a group of words, which serves as a definable centre or head.
选项：
A: Endocentric
B: Exocentric
C: Coordinate
D: Subordinate
答案: 【 Endocentric 】
7、单选题：
Which of the following is a right-headed endocentric compound?
选项：
A: make-up
B: night-school
C: takehome
D: pickpocket
E: forget-me-not
答案: 【 night-school】
8、单选题：
The three small children with children as its head, belongs to .
选项：
A: endocentric construction
B: exocentric construction
C: D-structure
D: immediate constituents
答案: 【 endocentric construction 】
9、单选题：
Which of the following type of grammatical construction is NOT a typical endocentric construction?
选项：
A: prepositional phrase
B: noun phrases
C: adjective phrases
D: verb phrases
答案: 【 prepositional phrase】
10、判断题：
Descriptive grammar refers to grammarian’s attempt to legislate what speakers’ grammatical rules should be, rather than what they are.
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 错误】
11、判断题：
The syntactic rules of any language are finite in number, but there is no limit to the number of sentences native speakers of that language are able to produce and comprehend.
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 正确】
12、判断题：
In a complex sentence, the two clauses hold unequal status, one subordinating the other.
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 正确】
13、判断题：
The syntactic function shows the relationship between a linguistic form and other parts of the linguistic pattern in which it is used.
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 正确】
14、判断题：
Endocentric construction can be further divided into the following two types: subordinate endocentric construction and coordinate endocentric construction.
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 正确】
15、判断题：
Exocentric construction is also called headed construction.
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 错误】
Chapter Four Morphology
Morphology introduction_习题
1、单选题：
Derivational affixes are bound morphemes added to existing form to construct new words. English derivational affixes are divided into ________and _______.
选项：
A: prefixes, infixes
B: suffixes and infixes
C: prefixes, suffixes
D: morphemes, allomorphs
答案: 【 prefixes, suffixes】
2、单选题：
In the word “unavailability”, ______________ is the root.
选项：
A: un
B: available
C: avail
D: ability
答案: 【 avail】
3、单选题：
The morpheme “vision” in the word “television” is a(n)____________.
选项：
A: free morpheme
B: bound form
C: inflectional morpheme
D: bound morpheme
答案: 【 free morpheme 】
4、单选题：
Which of the following words is made up of bound morphemes only?
选项：
A: happiness
B: television
C: ecology
D: teacher
答案: 【 ecology】
5、判断题：
Morpheme is the minimal unit of meaning.
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 正确】
6、判断题：
–ing is an “inflectional suffix”.
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 正确】
7、判断题：
The bound morpheme in “apples” is an inflectional morpheme.
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 正确】
8、判断题：
Although is an open-class word.
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 错误】
9、填空题：
refers to the base form of a word that cannot be further analyzed without loss of identity. That is to say, it is that part of the word that is left when all the affixes are removed. And can be further classified into free root morpheme and bound root morpheme.
答案: 【 Root】
10、填空题：
A morpheme, like a phoneme, is a linguistic abstraction, which must be realized as certain phonetic forms or variants in different phonetic environments. Each of the phonetic forms or variants is a morph. A single morpheme may be phonetically realized as two or more morphs. The different morphs that represent or which are derived from one morpheme are called the of that morpheme.
答案: 【 allomorphs】
Word formation_习题
1、单选题：
__________can best describe the word formation processes of the following groups of words: table--tables, influenza--flu.
选项：
A: Inflection and abbreviation
B: Compound and derivation
C: Inflection and derivation
D: Derivation and blending
答案: 【 Inflection and abbreviation 】
2、单选题：
Which of the following ways of word-formation does not change the grammatical class of the stem?
选项：
A: compound
B: inflection
C: derivation
D: coinage
答案: 【 inflection 】
3、单选题：
__________can best describe the word formation rules of the following group of words: to burgle (from burglar), Eurodollar (from European + dollar).
选项：
A: Back-formation and blending
B: Compound and derivation
C: Inflection and derivation
D: Derivation and blending
答案: 【 Back-formation and blending】
4、单选题：
__________can best describe the following group of words: table—tables, day + break—daybreak.
选项：
A: Inflection and compound
B: Compound and derivation
C: Inflection and derivation
D: Derivation and blending
答案: 【 Inflection and compound】
5、单选题：
can best describe the following group of words: advertisement— ad, bicycle—bike.
选项：
A: compound
B: abbreviation
C: derivation
D: coinage
答案: 【 abbreviation】
6、判断题：
“Invention” is a form of compounding, in which two words are blended by joining the initial pan of the first word and the final part of the second word, or by joining the initial parts of the two words.
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 错误】
7、判断题：
Blending is a relatively complex form of compounding.
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 正确】
8、判断题：
Derivaiton does not change the grammatical class of the stem.
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 错误】
9、判断题：
Inflection shows a relationship between roots and affixes.
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 错误】
Chapter Nine Sociolinguistics
9.1 Varieties of Language_习题
1、单选题：
The phenomenon that Americans and British people pronounce some words differently can be interpreted in terms of_____________
选项：
A: phonetic similarity
B: free variation
C: Complementary distribution
D: allophones
答案: 【 free variation】
2、单选题：
A linguistic _______ refers to a word or expression that is prohibited by the “polite” society from general use.
选项：
A: slang
B: euphemism
C: jargon
D: taboo
答案: 【 taboo】
3、单选题：
In normal situations, ____ speakers tend to use more prestigious forms than their ____ counterparts with the same social background.
选项：
A: female; male
B: male; female
C: old; young
D: young; old
答案: 【 female; male】
4、单选题：
_________ in a person’s speech or writing usually ranges on a continuum from casual or colloquial to formal or polite according to the type of communicative situation.
选项：
A: Regional variation
B: Changes in emotions
C: Variation in connotations
D: Stylistic variation
答案: 【 Stylistic variation】
5、单选题：
A ____ is a variety of language that serves as a medium of communication among groups of people for diverse linguistic backgrounds.
选项：
A: lingua franca
B: register
C: Creole
D: national language
答案: 【 lingua franca】
6、单选题：
Social dialects, or , are varieties of language used by people belonging to particular social classes.
选项：
A: sociolects
B: regional dialects
C: slang
D: jargon
答案: 【 sociolects】
7、单选题：
are language varieties which are appropriate for use in particular speech situations, in contrast to language varieties that are associated with the social or regional grouping of their customary users.
选项：
A: Registers
B: Situational dialects
C: Slangs
D: Jargons
答案: 【 Registers】
8、单选题：
is spoken mainly by a less privileged population that has experienced some form of social isolation, such as racial discrimination or segregation.
选项：
A: Ethnic dialect
B: Regional dialect
C: Situational dialect
D: Social dialect
答案: 【 Ethnic dialect】
9、判断题：
Not everyone speaks a dialect.
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 错误】
10、判断题：
Black English is not a standard variety of English language.
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 错误】
11、判断题：
Speech is derivative of writing.
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: