MOOC 西方经济学(广州中医药大学)1454487164 最新慕课完整章节测试答案
第二篇 供给与需求I市场如何运行
文章目录
单元测验2： 第二篇（供给与需求：市场如何运行）
1、单选题：
In a market economy, supply and demand determine
选项：
A: both the quantity of each good produced and the price at which it is sold.
B: the quantity of each good produced but not the price at which it is sold.
C: the price at which each good is sold but not the quantity of each good produced.
D: neither the quantity of each good produced nor the price at which it is sold.
答案: 【 both the quantity of each good produced and the price at which it is sold. 】
2、单选题：
The quantity demanded of a good is the amount that buyers are
选项：
A: willing to purchase.
B: willing and able to purchase.
C: willing, able, and need to purchase.
D: able to purchase.
答案: 【 willing and able to purchase.】
3、单选题：
A decrease in quantity demanded
选项：
A: results in a movement downward and to the right along a demand curve.
B: results in a movement upward and to the left along a demand curve.
C: shifts the demand curve to the left.
D: shifts the demand curve to the right.
答案: 【 results in a movement upward and to the left along a demand curve.】
4、单选题：
Adam Smith suggested that an invisible had guides market economies. In this analogy, what is the baton that the invisible hand uses to conduct the economic orchestra?
选项：
A: the government
B: prices
C: subsidies
D: the Federal Reserve
答案: 【 prices】
5、单选题：
Elasticity is
选项：
A: a measure of how much buyers and sellers respond to changes in market conditions.
B: the study of how the allocation of resources affects economic well-being.
C: the maximum amount that a buyer will pay for a good.
D: the value of everything a seller must give up to produce a good.
答案: 【 a measure of how much buyers and sellers respond to changes in market conditions.】
6、单选题：
Suppose there is a 6 percent increase in the price of good X and a resulting 6 percent decrease in the quantity of X demanded. Price elasticity of demand for X is
选项：
A: 0.
B: 1.
C: 6.
D: 36.
答案: 【 1.】
7、单选题：
Goods with many close substitutes tend to have
选项：
A: more elastic demands.
B: less elastic demands.
C: price elasticities of demand that are unit elastic.
D: income elasticities of demand that are negative.
答案: 【 more elastic demands.】
8、单选题：
If two goods are substitutes, their cross-price elasticity will be
选项：
A: positive.
B: negative.
C: zero.
D: equal to the difference between the income elasticities of demand for the two goods.
答案: 【 positive.】
9、单选题：
A price ceiling is binding when it is set
选项：
A: above the equilibrium price, causing a shortage.
B: above the equilibrium price, causing a surplus.
C: below the equilibrium price, causing a shortage.
D: below the equilibrium price, causing a surplus.
答案: 【 below the equilibrium price, causing a shortage.】
10、单选题：
If the government wants to reduce smoking, it should impose a tax on
选项：
A: buyers of cigarettes.
B: sellers of cigarettes.
C: either buyers or sellers of cigarettes.
D: whichever side of the market is less elastic.
答案: 【 either buyers or sellers of cigarettes.】
11、判断题：
If something happens to alter the quantity demanded at any given price, then the demand curve shifts.
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 正确】
12、判断题：
If orange juice and apple juice are substitutes, an increase in the price of orange juice will shift the demand curve for apple juice to the left.
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 错误】
13、判断题：
In general, demand curves for necessities tend to be price elastic.
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 错误】
14、判断题：
Price elasticity of demand along a linear, downward-sloping demand curve increases as price falls.
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 错误】
15、判断题：
When demand is inelastic, a decrease in price increases total revenue.
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 错误】
16、判断题：
Normal goods have negative income elasticities of demand, while inferior goods have positive income elasticities of demand.
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 错误】
17、判断题：
At the equilibrium price, the quantity that buyers want to buy exactly equals the quantity that sellers want to sell.
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 正确】
18、判断题：
The effects of rent control in the long run include lower rents and lower-quality housing.
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 正确】
19、判断题：
Not all sellers benefit from a binding price floor.
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 正确】
20、判断题：
Who bears the majority of a tax burden depends on whether the tax is placed on the buyers or the sellers.
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 错误】
第三篇 供给与需求II市场与福利
单元测验3：第三篇（供给与需求II：市场与福利）
1、单选题：
Welfare economics is the study of
选项：
A: taxes and subsidies.
B: how technology is best put to use in the production of goods and services.
C: government welfare programs for needy people.
D: how the allocation of resources affects economic well-being.
答案: 【 how the allocation of resources affects economic well-being.】
2、单选题：
Consumer surplus is
选项：
A: the amount a buyer is willing to pay for a good minus the amount the buyer actually pays for it.
B: the amount a buyer is willing to pay for a good minus the cost of producing the good.
C: the amount by which the quantity supplied of a good exceeds the quantity demanded of the good.
D: a buyer's willingness to pay for a good plus the price of the good.
答案: 【 the amount a buyer is willing to pay for a good minus the amount the buyer actually pays for it.】
3、单选题：
If a consumer places a value of $20 on a particular good and if the price of the good is $25, then the
选项：
A: consumer has consumer surplus of $5 if he buys the good.
B: consumer does not purchase the good.
C: price of the good will rise due to market forces.
D: market is out of equilibrium.
答案: 【 consumer does not purchase the good. 】
4、单选题：
If Gina sells a shirt for $40, and her producer surplus from the sale is $32, her cost must have been
选项：
A: $72.
B: $32.
C: $8.
D: We would have to know the consumer surplus in order to make this determination.
答案: 【 $8. 】
5、单选题：
Inefficiency exists in an economy when a good is
选项：
A: not being consumed by buyers who value it most highly.
B: not distributed fairly among buyers.
C: not produced because buyers do not value it very highly.
D: being produced with less than all available resources.
答案: 【 not being consumed by buyers who value it most highly.】
6、单选题：
When a tax is imposed on a good, the
选项：
A: supply curve for the good always shifts.
B: demand curve for the good always shifts.
C: amount of the good that buyers are willing to buy at each price always remains unchanged.
D: equilibrium quantity of the good always decreases.
答案: 【 equilibrium quantity of the good always decreases. 】
7、单选题：
Taxes cause deadweight losses because they
选项：
A: lead to losses in surplus for consumers and for producers that, when taken together, exceed tax revenue collected by the government.
B: distort incentives to both buyers and sellers.
C: prevent buyers and sellers from realizing some of the gains from trade.
D: All of the answers are correct.
答案: 【 All of the answers are correct.】
8、单选题：
The deadweight loss from a $3 tax will be largest in a market with
选项：
A: inelastic supply and elastic demand.
B: inelastic supply and inelastic demand.
C: elastic supply and elastic demand.
D: elastic supply and inelastic demand.
答案: 【 elastic supply and elastic demand.】
9、单选题：
The before-trade price of fish in Denmark is $10.00 per pound. The world price of fish is $6.00 per pound. Denmark is a price-taker in the fish market. If Denmark begins to allow trade in fish, its consumers of fish will become
选项：
A: better off, its producers of fish will become better off, and on balance the citizens of Denmark will become better off.
B: worse off, its producers of fish will become better off, and on balance the citizens of Denmark will become worse off.
C: worse off, its producers of fish will become better off, and on balance the citizens of Denmark will become worse off.
D: better off, its producers of fish will become worse off, and on balance the citizens of Denmark will become better off.
答案: 【 better off, its producers of fish will become worse off, and on balance the citizens of Denmark will become better off.】
10、单选题：
Suppose Iran imposes a tariff on lumber. For the tariff to have any effect, it must be the case that
选项：
A: Iran is an exporter of lumber.
B: the domestic quantity of lumber supplied exceeds the domestic quantity of lumber demanded at the world price without the tariff.
C: the world price without the tariff is less than the price of lumber without trade.
D: the world price without the tariff is greater than the price of lumber without trade.
答案: 【 the world price without the tariff is less than the price of lumber without trade. 】
11、单选题：
Which of the following is correct?
选项：
A: Consumer surplus refers to a situation in which there are more buyers than sellers in a market.
B: Producer surplus refers to a situation in which there are more sellers than buyers in a market
C: Total surplus is measured as the area below the demand curve and above the supply curve, up to the equilibrium quantity
D: All the answers are correct.
答案: 【 Total surplus is measured as the area below the demand curve and above the supply curve, up to the equilibrium quantity】
12、单选题：
If an allocation of resources is efficient, then
选项：
A: consumer surplus is maximized
B: producer surplus is maximized.
C: all potential gains from trade among buyers are sellers are being realized
D: the allocation achieves equality as well.
答案: 【 all potential gains from trade among buyers are sellers are being realized】
13、单选题：
The "invisible hand" refers to
选项：
A: the marketplace guiding the self-interests of market participants into promoting general economic well-being.
B: the fact that social planners sometimes have to intervene, even in perfectly competitive markets, to make those markets more efficient.
C: the equality that results from market forces allocating the goods produced in the market.
D: the automatic maximization of consumer surplus in free markets.
答案: 【 the marketplace guiding the self-interests of market participants into promoting general economic well-being.】
14、单选题：
Suppose that the equilibrium price in the market for widgets is $5. If a law increased the minimum legal price for widgets to $6,
选项：
A: the resulting increase in consumer surplus would be larger than any possible loss of producer surplus.
B: the resulting increase in consumer surplus would be smaller than any possible loss of producer surplus.
C: any possible increase in producer surplus would be larger than the loss of consumer surplus.
D: any possible increase in producer surplus would be smaller than the loss of consumer surplus.
答案: 【 any possible increase in producer surplus would be smaller than the loss of consumer surplus.】
15、单选题：
If a market is allowed to adjust freely to its equilibrium price and quantity, then an increase in demand will
选项：
A: increase producer surplus.
B: reduce producer surplus.
C: not affect producer surplus.
D: Any answer is possible.
答案: 【 increase producer surplus.】
16、单选题：
Inefficiency can be caused in a market by the presence of
选项：
A: market power.
B: externalities.
C: imperfectly competitive markets.
D: All the answers are correct.
答案: 【 All the answers are correct.】
17、单选题：
Market failure is the inability of
选项：
A: buyers to interact harmoniously with sellers in the market.
B: a market to establish an equilibrium price.
C: buyers to place a value on the good or service.
D: some unregulated markets to allocate resources efficiently
答案: 【 some unregulated markets to allocate resources efficiently】
18、单选题：
If the current allocation of resources in the market for hammers is inefficient, then it must be the case that
选项：
A: producer surplus exceeds consumer surplus in the market for hammers.
B: consumer surplus exceeds producer surplus in the market for hammers
C: the sum of consumer surplus and producer surplus could be increased by moving to a different allocation of resources.
D: the costs that sellers of hammers are incurring could be reduced by moving to a different allocation of resources.
答案: 【 the sum of consumer surplus and producer surplus could be increased by moving to a different allocation of resources.】
19、单选题：
Coffee and tea are substitutes. Bad weather that sharply reduces the coffee bean harvest would
选项：
A: increase consumer surplus in the market for coffee and decrease producer surplus in the market for tea.
B: increase consumer surplus in the market for coffee and increase producer surplus in the market for tea.
C: decrease consumer surplus in the market for coffee and increase producer surplus in the market for tea.
D: decrease consumer surplus in the market for coffee and decrease producer surplus in the market for tea.
答案: 【 decrease consumer surplus in the market for coffee and increase producer surplus in the market for tea.】
20、单选题：
Many economists believe that restrictions against ticket scalping result in each of the following except
选项：
A: a smaller audience for cultural and sporting events.
B: shorter lines at cultural and sporting events.
C: less tax revenue for the state.
D: an increase in ticket prices.
答案: 【 shorter lines at cultural and sporting events.】
21、判断题：
Consumer surplus is the amount a buyer is willing to pay for a good minus the amount the buyer actually has to pay for it.
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 正确】
22、判断题：
Consumer surplus measures the benefit to buyers of participating in a market.
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 正确】
23、判断题：
Consumer surplus can be measured as the area between the demand curve and the equilibrium price.
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 正确】
24、判断题：
Consumer surplus can be measured as the area between the demand curve and the supply curve
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 错误】
25、判断题：
All else equal, an increase in supply will cause an increase in consumer surplus
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 正确】
26、判断题：
All else equal, an increase in demand will always increase consumer surplus
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 错误】
27、判断题：
All else equal, an increase in demand will cause an increase in producer surplus
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 正确】
28、判断题：
All else equal, a decrease in demand will cause an increase in producer surplus
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 错误】
29、判断题：
The area below the price and above the supply curve measures the producer surplus in a market.
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 正确】
30、判断题：
All else equal, a decrease in demand will cause an increase in producer surplus.
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 错误】
31、判断题：
The area below the price and above the supply curve measures the producer surplus in a market
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 正确】
32、判断题：
The area below the demand curve and above the supply curve measures the producer surplus in a market.
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 错误】
33、判断题：
If the government imposes a binding price ceiling in a market, then the producer surplus in that market will increase.
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 错误】
34、判断题：
The lower the price, the lower the producer surplus, all else equal.
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 正确】
35、判断题：
Economists generally believe that, although there may be advantages to society from ticket-scalping, the costs to society of this activity outweigh the benefits.
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 错误】
36、判断题：
Economists argue that restrictions against ticket scalping actually drive up the cost of many tickets.
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 正确】
37、判断题：
Efficiency is related to the size of the economic pie, whereas equality is related to how the pie gets sliced and distributed
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 正确】
38、判断题：
The current policy on kidney donation effectively sets a price ceiling of zero.
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 正确】
39、判断题：
If a market is in equilibrium, then it is impossible for a social planner to raise economic welfare by increasing or decreasing the quantity of the good
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 正确】
40、判断题：
Unless markets are perfectly competitive, they may fail to maximize the total benefits to buyers and sellers.
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 正确】
第五篇 企业行为与产业组织
单元测验5：第五篇（企业成本及完全竞争市场）
1、单选题：
A firm has market power if it can
选项：
A: maximize profits
B: minimize costs.
C: influence the market price of the good it sells.
D: hire as many workers as it needs at the prevailing wage rate
答案: 【 influence the market price of the good it sells.】
2、单选题：
A book store that has market power can
选项：
A: influence the market price for the books it sells.
B: minimize costs more efficiently than its competitors.
C: reduce its advertising budget more so than its competitors.
D: ignore profit-maximizing strategies when setting the price for its books.
答案: 【 influence the market price for the books it sells.】
3、单选题：
The analysis of competitive firms sheds light on the decisions that lie behind the
选项：
A: demand curve.
B: supply curve.
C: way firms make pricing decisions in the not-for-profit sector of the economy.
D: way financial markets set interest rates
答案: 【 supply curve.】
4、单选题：
For any competitive market, the supply curve is closely related to the
选项：
A: preferences of consumers who purchase products in that market.
B: income tax rates of consumers in that market.
C: firms’ costs of production in that market
D: interest rates on government bonds
答案: 【 firms’ costs of production in that market】
5、单选题：
Suppose a firm in each of the two markets listed below were to increase its price by 20 percent. In which pair would the firm in the first market listed experience a dramatic decline in sales, but the firm in the second market listed would not?
选项：
A: corn and soybeans
B: gasoline and restaurants
C: water and cable television
D: spiral notebooks and college textbooks
答案: 【 spiral notebooks and college textbooks】
6、单选题：
Suppose a firm in each of the two markets listed below were to increase its price by 30 percent. In which pair would the firm in the first market listed experience a dramatic decline in sales, but the firm in the second market listed would not?
选项：
A: oil and natural gas
B: cable television and gasoline
C: restaurants and MP3 players
D: movie theaters and ballpoint pens
答案: 【 cable television and gasoline】
7、单选题：
A key characteristic of a competitive market is that
选项：
A: government antitrust laws regulate competition
B: producers sell nearly identical products.
C: firms minimize total costs.
D: firms have price setting power.
答案: 【 producers sell nearly identical products.】
8、单选题：
Which of the following is not a characteristic of a competitive market?
选项：
A: Buyers and sellers are price takers.
B: Each firm sells a virtually identical product.
C: Entry is limited
D: Each firm chooses an output level that maximizes profits.
答案: 【 Entry is limited】
9、单选题：
Which of the following is a characteristic of a competitive market?
选项：
A: There are many buyers but few sellers.
B: Firms sell differentiated products.
C: There are many barriers to entry.
D: Buyers and sellers are price takers.
答案: 【 Buyers and sellers are price takers.】
10、单选题：
Who is a price taker in a competitive market?
选项：
A: buyers only
B: sellers only
C: both buyers and sellers
D: neither buyers nor sellers
答案: 【 both buyers and sellers】
11、单选题：
Competitive markets are characterized by
选项：
A: a small number of buyers and sellers.
B: unique products.
C: the interdependence of firms.
D: free entry and exit by firms.
答案: 【 free entry and exit by firms.】
12、单选题：
A firm that has little ability to influence market prices operates in a
选项：
A: competitive market.
B: strategic market.
C: thin market
D: power market.
答案: 【 competitive market.】
13、单选题：
Because the goods offered for sale in a competitive market are largely the same,
选项：
A: there will be few sellers in the market.
B: there will be few buyers in the market.
C: only a few buyers will have market power.
D: sellers will have little reason to charge less than the going market price.
答案: 【 sellers will have little reason to charge less than the going market price.】
14、单选题：
Which of the following is not a characteristic of a perfectly competitive market?
选项：
A: Firms are price takers
B: Firms have difficulty entering the market.
C: There are many sellers in the market.
D: Goods offered for sale are largely the same.
答案: 【 Firms have difficulty entering the market.】
15、单选题：
Which of the following is not a characteristic of a perfectly competitive market?
选项：
A: Firms are price takers.
B: Firms can freely enter the market.
C: Many firms have market power.
D: Goods offered for sale are largely the same.
答案: 【 Many firms have market power.】
16、单选题：
Free entry means that
选项：
A: the government pays any entry costs for individual firms.
B: no legal barriers prevent a firm from entering an industry.
C: a firm's marginal cost is zero.
D: a firm has no fixed costs in the short run.
答案: 【 no legal barriers prevent a firm from entering an industry.】
17、单选题：
Which of the following industries is most likely to exhibit the characteristic of free entry?
选项：
A: nuclear power
B: municipal water and sewer
C: dairy farming
D: airport security
答案: 【 dairy farming】
18、单选题：
Which of the following industries is least likely to exhibit the characteristic of free entry?
选项：
A: restaurants
B: municipal water and sewer
C: soybean farming
D: selling running apparel
答案: 【 municipal water and sewer】
19、单选题：
When buyers in a competitive market take the selling price as given, they are said to be
选项：
A: market entrants.
B: monopolists.
C: free riders.
D: price takers.
答案: 【 price takers.】
20、单选题：
Why does a firm in a competitive industry charge the market price?
选项：
A: If a firm charges less than the market price, it loses potential revenue.
B: If a firm charges more than the market price, it loses all its customers to other firms.
C: The firm can sell as many units of output as it wants to at the market price.
D: All the choices are correct.
答案: 【 All the choices are correct.】
21、判断题：
For a firm operating in a perfectly competitive industry, total revenue, marginal revenue, and average revenue are all equal.
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 错误】
22、判断题：
If a firm charges more than the market price, it loses all its customers to other firms.
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 正确】
23、判断题：
If a firm notices that its average revenue equals the current market price, that firm must be participating in a competitive market.
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 错误】
24、判断题：
For a firm operating in a competitive market, both marginal revenue and average revenue exceed the market price.
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 错误】
25、判断题：
A profit-maximizing firm in a competitive market will increase production when average revenue exceeds marginal cost.
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 正确】
26、判断题：
A profit-maximizing firm in a competitive market will decrease production when marginal cost exceeds average revenue
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 正确】
27、判断题：
Because there are many buyers and sellers in a perfectly competitive market, no one seller can influence the market price
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 正确】
28、判断题：
When an individual firm in a competitive market increases its production, it is likely that the market price will fall.
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 错误】
29、判断题：
When an individual firm in a competitive market decreases its production, it is likely that the market price will rise.
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 错误】
30、判断题：
In a competitive market, firms are unable to differentiate their product from that of other producers
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 正确】
31、判断题：
Firms in a competitive market are said to be price takers because there are many sellers in the market, and the goods offered by the firms are very similar if not identical.
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 正确】
32、判断题：
The two characteristics of a competitive market are 1) many buyers and sellers in the market and 2) the goods offered by the various sellers are highly differentiated.
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 错误】
33、判断题：
Firms operating in perfectly competitive markets try to maximize profits.
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 正确】
34、判断题：
A firm's incentive to compare marginal revenue and marginal cost is an application of the principle that rational people think at the margin.
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 正确】
35、判断题：
Firms operating in perfectly competitive markets produce an output level where marginal revenue equals marginal cost.
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 正确】
36、判断题：
A firm is currently producing 100 units of output per day. The manager reports to the owner that producing the 100th unit costs the firm $5. The firm can sell the 100th unit for $4.75. The firm should continue to produce 100 units in order to maximize its profits (or minimize its losses).
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 错误】
37、判断题：
A firm is currently producing 100 units of output per day. The manager reports to the owner that producing the 100th unit costs the firm $5. The firm can sell the 100th unit for $5. The firm should continue to produce 100 units in order to maximize its profits (or minimize its losses).
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 正确】
38、判断题：
All firms maximize profits by producing an output level where marginal revenue equals marginal cost; for firms operating in perfectly competitive industries, maximizing profits also means producing an output level where price equals marginal cost.
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 正确】
39、判断题：
A firm operating in a perfectly competitive industry will continue to operate in the short run but earn losses if the market price is less than that firm’s average total cost but greater than the firm’s average variable cost.
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 正确】
40、判断题：
A firm operating in a perfectly competitive industry will continue to operate in the short run but earn losses if the market price is less than that firm’s average variable cost but greater than the firm’s average fixed cost.
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 错误】
单元测验6：第五篇（非完全竞争市场）
1、单选题：
Which of the following statements about oligopolies is not correct?
选项：
A: An oligopolistic market has only a few sellers.
B: The actions of any one seller can have a large impact on the profits of all other sellers.
C: Oligopolistic firms are interdependent in a way that competitive firms are not.
D: Unlike monopolies and monopolistically competitive markets, oligopolies prices do not exceed their marginal revenues
答案: 【 Unlike monopolies and monopolistically competitive markets, oligopolies prices do not exceed their marginal revenues】
2、单选题：
In the language of game theory, a situation in which each person must consider how others might respond to his or her own actions is called a
选项：
A: quantifiable situation.
B: cooperative situation.
C: strategic situation.
D: tactical situation.
答案: 【 strategic situation.】
3、单选题：
In general, game theory is the study of
选项：
A: how people behave in strategic situations
B: how people behave when the possible actions of other people are irrelevant.
C: oligopolistic markets.
D: all types of markets, including competitive markets, monopolistic markets, and oligopolistic markets.
答案: 【 how people behave in strategic situations】
4、单选题：
Which of the following statements is correct?
选项：
A: Strategic situations are more likely to arise when the number of decision-makers is very large rather than very small.
B: Strategic situations are more likely to arise in monopolistically competitive markets than in oligopolistic markets.
C: Game theory is useful in understanding certain business decisions, but it is not really applicable to ordinary games such as chess or tic-tac-toe.
D: Game theory is not necessary for understanding competitive or monopoly markets.
答案: 【 Game theory is not necessary for understanding competitive or monopoly markets.】
5、单选题：
In which of the following markets are strategic interactions among firms most likely to occur?
选项：
A: markets to which patent and copyright laws apply
B: the market for piano lessons
C: the market for tennis balls
D: the market for corn
答案: 【 the market for tennis balls】
6、单选题：
Game theory is important for understanding which of the following market types?
选项：
A: perfectly competitive and oligopolistic markets
B: perfectly competitive markets but not oligopolistic markets
C: oligoplistic but not perfectly competitive markets
D: neither oligopolistic nor perfectly competitive markets.
答案: 【 oligoplistic but not perfectly competitive markets】
7、单选题：
In choosing among alternative courses of action, Raj must consider how others might respond to the action he takes. In the language of game theory, we say that Raj must think
选项：
A: openly.
B: strategically.
C: dominantly.
D: cooperatively.
答案: 【 strategically.】
8、单选题：
In an oligopoly, each firm knows that its profits
选项：
A: depend only on how much output it produces.
B: depend only on how much output its rival firms produce.
C: depend on both how much output it produces and how much output its rival firms produce.
D: will be zero in the long run because of free entry.
答案: 【 depend on both how much output it produces and how much output its rival firms produce.】
9、单选题：
A distinguishing feature of an oligopolistic industry is the tension between
选项：
A: profit maximization and cost minimization.
B: cooperation and self interest.
C: producing a small amount of output and charging a price above marginal cost.
D: short-run decisions and long-run decisions.
答案: 【 cooperation and self interest.】
10、单选题：
In studying oligopolistic markets, economists assume that
选项：
A: there is no conflict or tension between cooperation and self-interest
B: it is easy for a group of firms to cooperate and thereby establish and maintain a monopoly outcome
C: each oligopolist cares only about its own profit.
D: strategic decisions do not play a role in such markets.
答案: 【 each oligopolist cares only about its own profit.】
11、单选题：
A special kind of imperfectly competitive market that has only two firms is called
选项：
A: a two-tier competitive structure.
B: an incidental monopoly.
C: a doublet.
D: a duopoly.
答案: 【 a duopoly.】
12、单选题：
Which of the following statements is correct?
选项：
A: If duopolists successfully collude, then their combined output will be equal to the output that would be observed if the market were a monopoly
B: Although the logic of self-interest decreases a duopoly’s price below the monopoly price, it does not push the duopolists to reach the competitive price
C: Although the logic of self-interest increases a duopoly’s level of output above the monopoly level, it does not push the duopolists to reach the competitive level.
D: All choices are correct.
答案: 【 All choices are correct.】
13、单选题：
An agreement among firms in a market about quantities to produce or prices to charge is called
选项：
A: collusion
B: a strategic situation
C: excess capacity.
D: tying.
答案: 【 collusion】
14、单选题：
The factors of production are best defined as the
选项：
A: output produced from raw materials
B: .inputs used to produce goods and services
C: wages paid to the workforce
D: goods and services sold in the market
答案: 【 .inputs used to produce goods and services】
15、单选题：
Because a firm's demand for a factor of production is derived from its decision to supply a good in the market, it is called a
选项：
A: differentiated demand.
B: secondary demand
C: derived demand.
D: hybrid demand-supply
答案: 【 derived demand.】
16、单选题：
The term "factor market" applies to the market for
选项：
A: labor.
B: capital.
C: land.
D: All choices are correct.
答案: 【 All choices are correct.】
17、单选题：
Factor markets are different from product markets in an important way because
选项：
A: equilibrium is the exception, and not the rule, in factor markets.
B: the demand for a factor of production is a derived demand
C: the demand for a factor of production is likely to be upward sloping, in violation of the law of demand.
D: All the answers are correct.
答案: 【 the demand for a factor of production is a derived demand】
18、单选题：
Economists refer to the inputs that firms use to produce goods and services as
选项：
A: derived factors.
B: derived resources.
C: factors of production.
D: instruments of revenue.
答案: 【 factors of production.】
19、单选题：
The basic tools of supply and demand apply to
选项：
A: both markets for goods and services and markets for labor services
B: markets for goods and services but not to markets for labor services.
C: markets for goods and services but not to markets for factors of production.
D: all markets except those in which demand is derived demand.
答案: 【 both markets for goods and services and markets for labor services】
20、判断题：
A firm in a monopolistically competitive market can earn both short-run and long-run profits
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 错误】
21、判断题：
In the long run, monopolistically competitive firms produce where demand equals marginal cost.
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 错误】
22、判断题：
For competitive firms, the curve that represents the value of marginal product of labor is the same as the demand for labor curve.
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 正确】
23、判断题：
A profit-maximizing competitive firm will hire workers up to the point at which the wage equals the price of the final good
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 错误】
24、判断题：
A profit-maximizing competitive firm will hire workers up to the point at which the wage equals the marginal product of labor
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 错误】
25、判断题：
When a competitive firm hires labor up to the point at which the value of the marginal product of labor equals the wage, it also produces up to the point at which the price of output equals average variable cost
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 错误】
26、判断题：
Monopolistically competitive firms, like monopoly firms, maximize their profits by charging a price that exceeds marginal cost.
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 正确】
27、判断题：
Monopolistic competition and monopoly are examples of a market structure called imperfect competition.
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 错误】
28、判断题：
Oligopoly and monopolistic competition are examples of a market structure called imperfect competition.
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 正确】
29、判断题：
The term Luddite refers to “tekkies” or people who are the first to adopt new technological advances.
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 错误】
30、判断题：
Oligopoly is characterized by a few sellers offering similar products, whereas monopolistic competition is characterized by many sellers offering differentiated products
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 正确】
31、判断题：
Monopolistic competition is characterized by a few sellers offering similar products, whereas oligopoly is characterized by many sellers offering differentiated products.
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 错误】
32、判断题：
Product differentiation always leads to some measure of market power.
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 正确】
33、判断题：
An increase in a product’s price will shift the labor de