2024知到答案 Physiology生理学（山东联盟） 完整智慧树网课章节测试答案

第二章 单元测试

1、单选题：
Transmembrane transport of the following substances is not simple diffusion（ ）
选项：
A:Urea
B:O2
C:NH3
D:Amino acid
E:CO2
答案: 【Amino acid】

2、单选题：
Under physiological conditions, each cycle of sodium pump activity can make（ ）
选项：
A:2 K+ were transferred into the cell
B:2 Na+ cells were removed from the cell, and 3 K+ cells were moved into the cell
C:3 Na+ were moved out of the cell, and 2 K+ were moved into the cell
D:3 Na+ were moved out of the cell, and 3 K+ were moved into the cell
E:2 Na+ are removed from inside the cell
答案: 【3 Na+ were moved out of the cell, and 2 K+ were moved into the cell】

3、单选题：
The mechanism of glucose absorption by renal tubular epithelial cells belongs to（ ）
选项：
A:Primary active transport
B:Passive transport
C:Secondary active transport
D:Carrier mediated facilitated diffusion
E:Simple diffusion
答案: 【Secondary active transport】

4、单选题：
The resting potential is close to（ ）
选项：
A:K+ equilibrium potential
B:Na+ equilibrium potential and K+ equilibrium potential
C:Na+ equilibrium potential
D:Cl-equilibrium potential
E:Ca2+ equilibrium potential
答案: 【K+ equilibrium potential】

5、单选题：
When cells are stimulated and excited, the absolute value of the membrane potential decreases, which is called（ ）
选项：
A:Reverse polarization
B:Repolarization
C:Depolarization
D:polarization
E:Hyperpolarization
答案: 【Depolarization】

6、单选题：
The main components of nerve cell action potential are（ ）
选项：
A:Local potential
B:Peak potential
C:Threshold potential
D:Negative after-potential
E:Positive after-potential
答案: 【Peak potential】

7、单选题：
The most commonly used indicators to judge the level of tissue excitability are（ ）
选项：
A:Duration of stimulation
B:Peak potential
C:Threshold potential
D:Rate of time-intensity change of stimulus
E:Threshold intensity
答案: 【Threshold intensity】

8、单选题：
Which of the following is a substance that aids the transmission of nerve impulses to the muscles?（ ）
选项：
A:Acetylcholine
B:Cholecystokinin
C:Oxytocin
D:Prolactin
E:Deoxyribose
答案: 【Acetylcholine】

9、单选题：
The basic structural units of skeletal muscle contraction and relaxation are:（ ）
选项：
A:Light band
B:H band
C:Sarcomere
D:dark band
E:Segment between two adjacent M lines
答案: 【Sarcomere】

10、单选题：
The energy required for K+ outflow generating the resting potential comes from（ ）
选项：
A:ATP
B:Electrochemical gradient
C:Potential gradient
D:Its own transmembrane concentration gradient
E:Concentration gradient of Na+ across membrane formed by active transport of Na+ pump
答案: 【Electrochemical gradient】

11、单选题：
The maximum action potential is generated when the cell is properly stimulated（ ）
选项：
A:Subnormal period
B:Absolute refractory period
C:Normal period
D:Supernormal period
E:Relative refractory period
答案: 【Normal period】

12、单选题：
In the depolarization phase of nerve cell action potential Na+ transport belongs to（ ）
选项：
A:Simple diffusion
B:Exocytosis
C:Primary active transport
D:Facilited diffusion
E:Secondary active transport
答案: 【Facilited diffusion】

13、单选题：
The outflow of K+ during an action potential is called（ ）
选项：
A:Hyperpolarization
B:Repolarization
C:Polarization
D:Reverse polarization
E:Depolarization
答案: 【Repolarization】

14、单选题：
The common manifestation of most excitable cells responding to stimuli is to produce（ ）
选项：
A:Nerve impulses
B:End plate potential
C:Action potential
D:contraction
E:Secretion
答案: 【Action potential】

15、单选题：
Substance that achieve the excitation-contraction coupling is（ ）
选项：
A:K+
B:Na+
C:Mg2+
D:Cl-
E:Ca2+
答案: 【Ca2+】

16、多选题：
The characteristics of facilitated diffusion mediated by a carrier is（ ）
选项：
A:Structural specificity
B:Independence of membrane proteins
C:Saturation
D:Passive transport
E:Competitive inhibition
答案: 【Structural specificity;
Saturation;
Passive transport;
Competitive inhibition】

17、多选题：
Statements about the resting potential of nerve fibers are correct（ ）
选项：
A:Its value is close to Na+ equilibrium potential
B:It is positive outside the membrane and negative inside the membrane
C:It is a relative stable potential
D:Its magnitude is close to K+ equilibrium potential
E:It is negative outside the membrane and positive inside the membrane
答案: 【It is positive outside the membrane and negative inside the membrane;
It is a relative stable potential;
Its magnitude is close to K+ equilibrium potential】

18、多选题：
Factors affecting resting potential level include（ ）
选项：
A:K+ concentration gradient between both sides of the membrane
B:Relative permeability of the membrane to K+ and Na+
C:Na+ concentration gradient between both sides of the membrane
D:Na+ pump activity
E:Cl- concentration gradient between both sides of the membrane
答案: 【K+ concentration gradient between both sides of the membrane;
Relative permeability of the membrane to K+ and Na+;
Na+ pump activity】

19、多选题：
The characteristics of local reactions are that（ ）
选项：
A:Independent of stimulus intensity
B:Conduction shows attenuation
C:Degrees of varying refractory periods
D:Multiple local potential can be superimposed
E:The amplitude is hierarchical
答案: 【Conduction shows attenuation;
Multiple local potential can be superimposed;
The amplitude is hierarchical】

20、多选题：
The 1:1 transmission of excitation at the nerve-muscle junction is due to（ ）
选项：
A:High excitability of endplate membrane
B:The absolute refractory period of endplate membrane is long
C:The end plate potentials generated are large enough
D:A nerve impulse releases a sufficient number of transmitters from the nerve endings
E:Ach was hydrolyzed by cholinesterase in the joint clearance in time
答案: 【The end plate potentials generated are large enough;
A nerve impulse releases a sufficient number of transmitters from the nerve endings;
Ach was hydrolyzed by cholinesterase in the joint clearance in time】

21、多选题：
When cell excitability is reduced, which are correct in the following descriptions（ ）
选项：
A:The threshold potential and threshold intensity remain unchanged
B:The threshold intensity increases
C:Upward shift of threshold potential
D:The threshold intensity decreases
E:Downward shift of threshold potential
答案: 【The threshold intensity increases;
Upward shift of threshold potential】

22、多选题：
Which is correct in the following descriptions of secondary active transport（ ）
选项：
A:Transport against the concentration gradient
B:It is also called combined transport
C:Including positive transfer and reverse transfer
D:The rate of transport is independent of ATP in the cell
E:Direct energy is the transmembrane concentration gradient of Na+
答案: 【Transport against the concentration gradient;
It is also called combined transport;
Including positive transfer and reverse transfer;
Direct energy is the transmembrane concentration gradient of Na+】

23、多选题：
When the intracellular Na+ content is too high, it can（ ）
选项：
A:Decrease the level of amino acids in the epithelial cells of renal tubules
B:Activate the Na+ pump
C:Increased intracellular Ca2+ levels in many tissues
D:Decrease the resting potential
E:Cause cell edema
答案: 【Decrease the level of amino acids in the epithelial cells of renal tubules;
Activate the Na+ pump;
Decrease the resting potential;
Cause cell edema】

24、多选题：
When excitable cells are stimulated（ ）
选项：
A:The generation of action potential is also called excitation
B:The action potential is caused by the depolarization of the membrane potential to the threshold potential
C:Cells with different functions produce a common bioelectrical change called action potential
D:Cells with different functions show different functional activities
E:Bioelectric changes occur firstly, and then external functional changes occur
答案: 【The generation of action potential is also called excitation;
The action potential is caused by the depolarization of the membrane potential to the threshold potential;
Cells with different functions produce a common bioelectrical change called action potential;
Cells with different functions show different functional activities;
Bioelectric changes occur firstly, and then external functional changes occur】

25、多选题：
In order to relax the muscle, which point can be suppressed during the process of the nerve-muscle junction（ ）
选项：
A:ACh receptor gated channel on endplate membrane
B:Ca2+ channels in nerve endings
C:Release of ACh from nerve endings
D:Nerve terminal cytoplasmic Ca2+
E:cholinesterase on endplate membrane
答案: 【ACh receptor gated channel on endplate membrane;
Ca2+ channels in nerve endings;
Release of ACh from nerve endings;
Nerve terminal cytoplasmic Ca2+】