MOOC Basic Biochemistry(Northwest A&F University)1461613176 最新慕课完整章节测试答案

Test for Chapter 10

1、单选题：
What is the acyl carrier for the de novo synthesis of fatty acids? ‍
选项：
A: ACP
B: CoA 
C: Biotin
D: TPP
答案: 【 ACP】

2、单选题：
Which of the following cofactors is involved in the β - oxidation of fatty acids? ​
选项：
A: NAD+
B: ACP 
C: FMN
D: Biotin
答案: 【 NAD+】

3、单选题：
How many ATP can be generated by the complete oxidation of one molecule of palmitic acid?‌
选项：
A: 108 ATP 
B: 106 ATP 
C: 98 ATP 
D: 96 ATP
答案: 【 106 ATP 】

4、单选题：
How many NADH and FADH2 will be produced by β - oxidation of the activated acyl CoA?‍
选项：
A: 1 FADH2 and 1 NADH
B: 2 FADH2 and 1 NADH  
C: Only 1 FADH2
D: Only 1 NADH
答案: 【 1 FADH2 and 1 NADH】

5、单选题：
Which of the following is wrong about "β - oxidation theory"? ‏
选项：
A: Isotopic tracing technique proves the correctness of this theory.
B: It is one of the most creative labeling experiments before the establishment of isotope tracing technology.  
C: In vivo, the non degradable phenyl is connected to the methyl end of fatty acids as a marker. 
D: If fed with benzene ring labeled odd number of carbon atom fatty acids, the metabolites found in urine are all phenylacetic acid.
答案: 【 If fed with benzene ring labeled odd number of carbon atom fatty acids, the metabolites found in urine are all phenylacetic acid.】

6、单选题：
Which of the following is an abbreviation for acyl carrier protein?  ‌
选项：
A: GSH
B: ACP
C: BCCP
D: CoASH
答案: 【 ACP】

7、单选题：
What is the rate limiting enzyme for the de novo synthesis of fatty acids?   ‌
选项：
A: Acetyl CoA carboxylase  
B: α,β-enoyl ACP reductase
C: β- ketoacyl-ACP reductase 
D: Condensase
答案: 【 Acetyl CoA carboxylase  】

8、单选题：
In the process of fatty acid β - oxidation, what kind of substance is loaded into mitochondria by fatty acid CoA?‎‎
选项：
A: Carnitine 
B:  ACP
C: Acetylcarnitine 
D: Citric acid
答案: 【 Carnitine 】

9、单选题：
What is the end product usually released by fatty acid synthetase complex? ‍
选项：
A: Palmitic acid  
B: Linoleic acid
C: Oleic acid 
D: Stearic acid
答案: 【 Palmitic acid  】

10、单选题：
In the de novo synthesis of fatty acids in animal cells, what are the compounds that transfer the acetylcoa produced by glucose metabolism from mitochondria to cytoplasm? ​
选项：
A: Citric acid    
B: Malic acid
C: Pyruvic acid
D: Oxaloacetic acid
答案: 【 Citric acid    】

11、单选题：
Ketone body does not include which of the following substances ?  ‎
选项：
A: β - hydroxybutyric acid
B: Acetone
C: Acetoacetate 
D: Pyruvic acid
答案: 【 Pyruvic acid】

Test for Chapter 11

1、判断题：
In humans, the degradation of ingested proteins to their constituent amino acids initially occurs in the oral cavity. ‏
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 错误】

2、判断题：
‌Trypsinogen, chymotrypsinogen, and procarboxypeptidases A and B—the zymogens of trypsin, chymotrypsin, and carboxypeptidases A and B—are synthesized and secreted by the exocrine cells of the pancreas.‎
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 正确】

3、判断题：
‌The first step in the catabolism of most L-amino acids is removal of the α-amino groups, promoted by enzymes called aminotransferases or transaminases.‌
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 正确】

4、判断题：
​All aminotransferases have the same prosthetic group that is pyridoxal phosphate (PLP). ‍
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 正确】

5、判断题：
‎The combined action of an aminotransferase and glutamate dehydrogenase is referred to as transdeamination. ‌
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 正确】

6、判断题：
‌The glutamate dehydrogenase of mammalian liver has the unusual capacity to use either FAD or FMN as cofactor.‍
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 错误】

7、判断题：
​Proteases degrade ingested proteins in the stomach and small intestine. ​
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 正确】

8、判断题：
​Among the twenty-one amino acids that make up proteins, only two amino acids, leucine and lysine, are exclusively ketogenic.​
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 正确】

9、判断题：
‌After the removal of amino groups, the carbon skeletons of amino acids undergo oxidation to compounds that can enter the urea cycle for oxidation to CO2 and H2O. ‌
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 错误】

10、判断题：
‌Depending on their degradative end product, some amino acids can be converted to ketone bodies,some to glucose, and some to both. ‌
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 正确】

Test for Chapter 12

1、单选题：
‎The primary manner for the deamination of amino acids in muscle involves (    ). ‎
选项：
A: purine nucleotide cycle
B: oxidative deamination of glutarate 
C: transamination 
D: ornithine cycle 
E: conjunction of transamination and purine nucleotide cycle
F: conjunction of transamination and oxidative deamination
答案: 【 conjunction of transamination and purine nucleotide cycle】

2、单选题：
‌The form transporting and storing ammonia in the body is (    ). ‎
选项：
A: glutamate
B: glutamine
C: glutathione
D: glycine
E: urea
答案: 【 urea】

3、单选题：
‌The compound which does not belong to one carbon unit as follow is (    ). ‌
选项：
A: -CH3
B: =CH2
C: =CH-
D: CO2
答案: 【 CO2】

4、单选题：
‌The most important role of S-adenosyl methionine (SAM) is (    ). ‍
选项：
A: to provide methionine
B: to synthesize tetrahydrofolate
C: to synthesize purine nucleotides
D: to synthesize pyrimidine nucleotides
E: to supply methyl group
答案: 【 to supply methyl group】

5、多选题：
‍The fate of ammonia is (    ) in the body. ‍
选项：
A: to synthesize nonessential amino acids
B: to synthesize glutamine and asparaginate
C: to synthesize urea
D: to synthesize alanine
E: to synthesize pyrimidine
F: to enter alanine-glucose cycle
答案: 【 to synthesize nonessential amino acids;
to synthesize glutamine and asparaginate;
to synthesize urea;
to synthesize pyrimidine;
to enter alanine-glucose cycle】

6、判断题：
‏Nitrate reductases are inducible enzymes that are induced by nitrate substrates​
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 正确】

7、判断题：
‏In nature, biological nitrogen fixation accounts for about 2/3 of the total amount of nitrogen fixation, and industrial and other ways account for about 1/3​
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 正确】

8、判断题：
‏Biological nitrogen fixation requires an adequate supply of ATP, a strong reducing agent, and an anaerobic environment​
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 正确】

9、判断题：
‍Nitrate nitrogen is the most easily absorbed by plants, but it can only be used after it is converted into ammonium nitrogen in plants. This nitrogen reduction process can be carried out in roots or leaves of plants, mainly in leaves.‍
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 正确】

Test for Chapter 2

1、单选题：
‏After the complete hydrolysis of DNA and RNA, the characteristics of its products are:​
选项：
A: Different pentoses and different bases.
B: Different pentoses and the same bases.
C: The same pentose and the same base.
D: The same pentose and different base.
答案: 【 Different pentoses and different bases.】

2、单选题：
​The connection between nucleotides in nucleic acid molecules is:‎
选项：
A: 3′,3′,-phosphodiester bond.
B: Glycosidic bond.
C: 3′,5′-phosphodiester bond.
D: Peptide bond.
答案: 【 3′,5′-phosphodiester bond.】

3、单选题：
​The key parts of storing and transmitting genetic information in nucleic acid molecules are:‌
选项：
A: Nucleoside
B: Pentose
C: Phosphate
D: Base sequence
答案: 【 Base sequence】

4、单选题：
‎The secondary structure of DNA refers to:‏
选项：
A: α-helix 
B: β-sheet
C: β-turn
D: Double helix structure
答案: 【 Double helix structure】

5、单选题：
‌Which of the following nucleic acids has a "clover" type secondary structure?‌
选项：
A: mRNA
B: Plasmid DNA 
C: tRNA 
D: Mitochondrial DNA
答案: 【 tRNA 】

6、单选题：
‎ After double-stranded DNA thermal denaturation‍
选项：
A: Decrease in viscosity
B: Decrease in sedimentation coefficient
C: Decrease in buoyancy density
D: Decrease in UV absorption
答案: 【 Decrease in viscosity】

7、单选题：
‏The higher DNA Tm value is due to the higher nucleotide content of the following group?‏
选项：
A: G+A 
B: C+G
C: A+T
D: C+T
答案: 【 C+G】

8、单选题：
‌The main force that maintains the stability of the DNA double helix is‍
选项：
A: Hydrogen bond
B: Ionic bond
C: Base accumulation force
D: Van der Waals
答案: 【 Base accumulation force】

9、单选题：
‎A pure double-stranded DNA sample contains 15% A, and the content of G in this sample is‌
选项：
A: 35% 
B: 15% 
C: 30% 
D: 20%
答案: 【 35% 】

10、单选题：
‌According to the Watson-Crick model, the average number of nucleotide pairs per micron DNA double helix is: ‍
选项：
A: 25400
B: 2540
C: 29411
D: 2941
答案: 【 2941】

11、单选题：
The main force that maintains the stability of the DNA double helix is ‎
选项：
A: Hydrogen bond
B: Ionic bond
C: Base accumulation force
D: Van der Waal
答案: 【 Base accumulation force】

12、多选题：
‌Which of the following statements about the Watson-Crick DNA double helix structure model is wrong?‌
选项：
A: The direction of the two single chains is anti-parallel
B: Base A and G pair
C: Covalent bonding between bases
D: The pentose phosphate backbone is located inside the double helix.
答案: 【 Base A and G pair;
Covalent bonding between bases;
The pentose phosphate backbone is located inside the double helix.】

13、多选题：
‎Which of the following statements about nucleic acids is correct:‌
选项：
A: DNA is the carrier of genetic material, responsible for the storage, transmission and release of genetic information; RNA is responsible for the expression of genetic information.
B: Nucleic acid mainly exists in the nucleus
C: Nucleic acid is divided into DNA and RNA.
D: All organisms contain both DNA and RNA nucleic acids.
答案: 【 DNA is the carrier of genetic material, responsible for the storage, transmission and release of genetic information; RNA is responsible for the expression of genetic information.;
Nucleic acid mainly exists in the nucleus;
Nucleic acid is divided into DNA and RNA.】

14、多选题：
Regarding the type and distribution of RNA, which of the following statements is correct (       )‌
选项：
A: RNA is mainly found in the nucleus.
B: mRNA accounts for about 5% of the total RNA of the cell and serves as a template in protein synthesis
C: rRNA accounts for 80% of the total RNA of the cell, is a component of the ribosome, and is a place for protein synthesis.
D: tRNA accounts for 10-15% of the total RNA of the cell, and plays the role of carrying activated amino acids in protein synthesis.
答案: 【 mRNA accounts for about 5% of the total RNA of the cell and serves as a template in protein synthesis;
rRNA accounts for 80% of the total RNA of the cell, is a component of the ribosome, and is a place for protein synthesis.;
tRNA accounts for 10-15% of the total RNA of the cell, and plays the role of carrying activated amino acids in protein synthesis.】

15、多选题：
 Which of the following statements is wrong‏
选项：
A:  Z-DNA segment exists in the natural DNA molecule.
B: The interaction between B-DNA and Z-DNA may be related to gene regulation.
C:  A-DNA, B-DNA, C-DNA and Z-DNA are all right-handed helices.
D: Z-DNA axis passes through base pairs
答案: 【 The interaction between B-DNA and Z-DNA may be related to gene regulation.;
Z-DNA axis passes through base pairs】

16、多选题：
The products produced by the complete hydrolysis of nucleic acids are‌
选项：
A: Base
B: Ribose
C: Phosphoric acid
D: Nucleotide
答案: 【 Base;
Ribose;
Phosphoric acid】

17、多选题：
Which of the following statements are correct ‍
选项：
A: Nucleic acid molecule is mainly composed of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur and phosphorus
B: The base composition of DNA and RNA differs in the composition of pyrimidines.
C: Contains a small amount of other unusual bases in DNA and RNA molecules, called rare bases. Most of them are methylated derivatives of common bases.
D: Dehydration between base and ribose or deoxyribose through condensation of glycosidic bond to form nucleoside or deoxynucleoside.
答案: 【 The base composition of DNA and RNA differs in the composition of pyrimidines.;
Contains a small amount of other unusual bases in DNA and RNA molecules, called rare bases. Most of them are methylated derivatives of common bases.;
Dehydration between base and ribose or deoxyribose through condensation of glycosidic bond to form nucleoside or deoxynucleoside.】

18、多选题：
8 Which of the following related statements is correct ‌
选项：
A: The 1st carbon atom of pentose is connected to the 9th nitrogen atom of purine to form a l,9-glycosidic bond.
B: Dehydration between the free hydroxyl group of pentose sugar in nucleoside and phosphoric acid generates nucleotides through condensation of phosphoester bond
C: Both deoxyribonucleoside and ribonucleoside can form 2'-3'- or 5'-ribonucleotide
D: 5'-nucleotides are mostly free in organisms.
答案: 【 The 1st carbon atom of pentose is connected to the 9th nitrogen atom of purine to form a l,9-glycosidic bond.;
Dehydration between the free hydroxyl group of pentose sugar in nucleoside and phosphoric acid generates nucleotides through condensation of phosphoester bond;
5'-nucleotides are mostly free in organisms.】

19、多选题：
Which of the following statements are correct ‍
选项：
A: Nucleotides are connected to each other by 3', 5'-phosphodiester bond to form a polynucleotide chain.
B: The bond between pentose and phosphat is called a phosphodiester bond because one phosphate group forms two ester bonds.
C: Both the DNA strand and the RNA strand have two free ends. The end with a free phosphate group on the 5-position carbon of the pentose of the nucleotide residue is called the 5′ end, and the 3-position carbon of the pentose has One end of the free hydroxyl group is called the 3'end.
D: The polynucleotide chain is composed of sugar-phosphate and the base is inside the skeleton.
答案: 【 Nucleotides are connected to each other by 3', 5'-phosphodiester bond to form a polynucleotide chain.;
The bond between pentose and phosphat is called a phosphodiester bond because one phosphate group forms two ester bonds.;
Both the DNA strand and the RNA strand have two free ends. The end with a free phosphate group on the 5-position carbon of the pentose of the nucleotide residue is called the 5′ end, and the 3-position carbon of the pentose has One end of the free hydroxyl group is called the 3'end.;
The polynucleotide chain is composed of sugar-phosphate and the base is inside the skeleton.】

20、多选题：
Which of the following statements are correct​
选项：
A: In the tRNA molecule, A contains rare bases in addition to the four basic bases (A, G, C, U).
B: The DNA of all somatic cells of an organism has the same base composition, and this base composition can be used as the species characteristics.
C: Nucleic acid probe refers to a single strand of nucleic acid with a label.
D: DNA is genetic material, but RNA is not.
答案: 【 In the tRNA molecule, A contains rare bases in addition to the four basic bases (A, G, C, U).;
The DNA of all somatic cells of an organism has the same base composition, and this base composition can be used as the species characteristics.;
Nucleic acid probe refers to a single strand of nucleic acid with a label.】

21、多选题：
What happens after double-stranded DNA is heat denatured:‏
选项：
A: Decreased viscosity 
B: Decreased settlement coefficient
C: Decreased buoyancy density
D: Decreased UV absorption
答案: 【 Decreased viscosity ;
Decreased settlement coefficient;
Decreased buoyancy density】

22、多选题：
The factors that affect the Tm value are: ‎
选项：
A: The longer the nucleic acid molecule under c