MOOC Medical Physiology(Wenzhou Medical University)1457985170 最新慕课完整章节测试答案

Test of Digestion and Absorption-1

1、单选题：
‍Which of the following description about the physiological characteristics of the smooth muscle in the digestive tract is wrong?‏
选项：
A: low excitability
B: slow contraction
C: self-discipline
D: Insensitive to chemical and mechanical stimuli
答案: 【 Insensitive to chemical and mechanical stimuli】

2、单选题：
‍Which of the following description about the electrophysiological characteristics of gastrointestinal smooth muscle is wrong？​
选项：
A: The resting potential is mainly formed by the equilibrium potential of K+.
B: The resting potential amplitude is lower than that of skeletal muscle.
C: The generation of action potential is related to Na+ influx.
D: Slow wave potential originates from Cajal stromal cells.
答案: 【 The generation of action potential is related to Na+ influx.】

3、单选题：
‏The pacemaker of the basic electric rhythm of the gastrointestinal smooth muscle is​
选项：
A: Cajal cell
B: mucous layer 
C: longitudinal muscle
D: circular muscle
答案: 【 Cajal cell】

4、单选题：
​What's wrong about the role of saliva?‎
选项：
A: moist food and make it easy to swallow
B: dissolve food, cause taste sensation
C: break down starch into glucose
D: kill bacteria and viruses
答案: 【 break down starch into glucose】

5、单选题：
‎Which of the following statement about the lower esophageal sphincter (LES) is wrong?​
选项：
A: This area is a functional sphincter.
B: The pressure in it is 5-10mmhg higher than that in the stomach.
C: excessive drinking and smoking can increase LES tension.
D: prevent gastric contents from entering the esophagus.
答案: 【 excessive drinking and smoking can increase LES tension.】

6、单选题：
‌The activator of pepsinogen to pepsin is‎
选项：
A: Cl-
B: Na+
C: HCl
D: K+
答案: 【 HCl】

7、单选题：
​Which of the following is not a function of gastric acid?​
选项：
A: kill the bacteria that enter the stomach with the food
B: activate pepsinogen
C: promote the absorption of vitamin B12
D: an acidic environment helps the small intestine absorb iron and calcium
答案: 【 promote the absorption of vitamin B12】

8、单选题：
‏Which of the following statement about pepsin is wrong?‏
选项：
A: The synthesis and secretion by the chief cell is in the state of proenzyme.
B: Pepsinogen can be activated by hydrochloric acid.
C: The protein can only be decomposed into free amino acids by pepsin.
D: The optimal pH for its function is 1.8-3.5.
答案: 【 The protein can only be decomposed into free amino acids by pepsin.】

9、单选题：
‏Which of the following can cause gastric receptive relaxation?‍
选项：
A: activation of sympathetic nerve
B: ACh released by vagus nerve
C: activation of intramural plexus
D: peptides released by vagus nerve
答案: 【 peptides released by vagus nerve】

10、单选题：
‍Which of the following about the characteristics of gastric juice secretion caused by direct injection of protein food into the stomach is right?‎
选项：
A: high acidity, but low protease content 
B: high acidity, high pepsin content
C: low acidity, high pepsin content
D: low acidity, low pepsin content
答案: 【 high acidity, high pepsin content】

11、单选题：
‏The basal secretion of gastric acid  is‍
选项：
A: 0-5mmol/h
B: 0-3mmol/h
C: 0-4.5mmol/h
D: 0-10mmol/h
答案: 【 0-5mmol/h】

12、单选题：
‎The order of how fast the stomach empties the three nutrients is​
选项：
A: carbohydrate, fat, protein
B: carbohydrate, protein, fat
C: protein, carbohydrate, fat
D: fat, carbohydrate, protein
答案: 【 carbohydrate, protein, fat】

13、单选题：
​A complete emptying of a mixture by the stomach is usually required‏
选项：
A: 2 ~ 3 hours 
B: 3 ~ 4 hours 
C: 4 ~ 5 hours
D: 4 ~ 6 hours
答案: 【 4 ~ 6 hours】

14、单选题：
‎The motive force to promote gastric emptying is‍
选项：
A: food stimulation in the stomach
B: excitation of vagus nerve 
C: contraction of smooth muscle of stomach
D: food stimulation in the duodenum
答案: 【 contraction of smooth muscle of stomach】

15、单选题：
‏ The main part of the stomach for holding and storing food is‎
选项：
A: fundus and anterior part of gastric body 
B: pylorus
C: antrum
D: fundus
答案: 【 fundus and anterior part of gastric body 】

16、单选题：
‍Severe vomiting occurring in patients with pyloric obstruction may cause‍
选项：
A: metabolic alkalosis 
B: respiratory alkalosis
C: metabolic acidosis
D: mixed acidosis
答案: 【 metabolic alkalosis 】

17、单选题：
‏Which of the following is the main component in the reverse flow of duodenal contents destroying the mucosal barrier of stomach?‏
选项：
A: bicarbonate
B: hypertonic solution
C:  cholic acid
D: amino acids and peptides
答案: 【  cholic acid】

18、单选题：
‏Gastrointestinal hormone that inhibit gastric acid secretion is‍
选项：
A: gastrin and cholecystokinin
B: trypsin and gastric inhibitory peptide
C: gastrin and cholecystokinin
D: motilin and gastric inhibitory peptide
答案: 【 trypsin and gastric inhibitory peptide】

19、单选题：
​In a patient with atrophic gastritis, due to decreasing of a large number of parietal cells, gastric acid deficiency can be caused, but gastrin level in their blood is increased, this may be caused by‏
选项：
A: excitation of sympathetic nerve
B: excitation of vagus nerve
C: the inhibitory effect of gastric acid on G cells is weakened
D: decreased secretion of pancreatic secretin
答案: 【 the inhibitory effect of gastric acid on G cells is weakened】

20、单选题：
‏During cholecystography, to check the contraction function of the gallbladder, subjects were asked to eat fried eggs in oil for promotion‌
选项：
A: synthesis of bile salts
B: synthesis of cholesterol
C: excitation of the vagus nerve
D: secretion of cholecystokinin
答案: 【 secretion of cholecystokinin】

21、判断题：
‌H+ -k + -ATPase (proton pump) inhibitor can be used to treat peptic ulcer patient.‏
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 正确】

22、判断题：
‌Prostaglandin has cell protective effect on gastric mucosa.​
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 正确】

23、判断题：
‏Gastrin is produced by S cell in small intestine.‍
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 错误】

24、判断题：
​The characteristic motility of the stomach is receptive relaxation.‌
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 正确】

25、判断题：
‏Pepsinogen is secreted by parietal cells in stomach.‎
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 错误】

Test of Introduction

1、单选题：
‌The ability of the body which responds to stimulus is called‌
选项：
A: reaction
B: excitation
C: excitability
D: threshold
答案: 【 excitability】

2、单选题：
‍The most basic feature of life activities is ‌‍‌
选项：
A: substance metabolism
B: energy metabolism
C: metabolism
D: excitability
答案: 【 metabolism】

3、单选题：
‌Which of the following is not a positive feedback‍
选项：
A: depressor reflex
B: blood coagulation
C: micturition reflex
D: childbirth
答案: 【 depressor reflex】

4、单选题：
‌Which of the following is the basic activity of nervous regulation?​
选项：
A: action potential
B:  excitation
C: reflex
D: synaptic transmission
答案: 【 reflex】

5、单选题：
‌The internal environment of the body means‎
选项：
A: tissue fluid
B: intracellular fluid
C: extracellular fluid
D: blood
答案: 【 extracellular fluid】

6、单选题：
‍The main way by which the body regulates its activity is‏
选项：
A: feedforwad
B: feedback
C: nervous regulation
D: hormonal regulation
答案: 【 nervous regulation】

7、单选题：
‌Internal environment homeostasis refers to‌
选项：
A: The chemical composition of extracellular fluid remains relatively stable
B: The chemical composition of intracellular fluid remains relatively stable 
C: The components and physicochemical properties of extracellular fluid remain relatively stable
D: The physicochemical properties of the cells remain relatively stable
答案: 【 The components and physicochemical properties of extracellular fluid remain relatively stable】

8、单选题：
‏In a reflex arc, the controlled part is‎
选项：
A:  receptor
B: effector
C: afferent nerve
D: efferent nerve
答案: 【 effector】

9、单选题：
‏In the reflex arc, which part receives the information?‍
选项：
A: receptor 
B: effector
C: afferent nerve
D: efferent nerve
答案: 【 receptor 】

10、单选题：
​Which of the following is wrong about negative feedback?‌
选项：
A: It is an important mechanism to ensure the accuracy of regulation.
B: It destroy homeostasis.
C: It can keep certain physiological functions relatively stable.
D: Regualtion of temperature belongs to it.
答案: 【 It destroy homeostasis.】

11、单选题：
The minimum stimulus intensity that causes the tissue to respond is called‍
选项：
A: excitability 
B: threshold potential
C: threshold stimulation
D: threshold intensity
答案: 【 threshold intensity】

12、单选题：
‌The maintenance of physiological homeostasis mainly depends on‌
选项：
A: nervous regulation
B: hormonal regulation
C: positive feedback regulation
D: negative feedback regulation
答案: 【 negative feedback regulation】

13、单选题：
‌The following is not part of the internal environment‍
选项：
A: intracellular fluid
B: tissue fluid
C: plasma
D: lymphatic fluid
答案: 【 intracellular fluid】

14、单选题：
‏The process stimulation of the efferent nerve causes muscle to contract belongs to ​
选项：
A: reaction
B: reflection
C: positive Feedback
D: negative Feedback
答案: 【 reaction】

15、单选题：
Which of the following is characteristic of negative feedback?‏
选项：
A: The feedback effect is contrary to the original effect
B: The feedback effect weakens the original effect 
C: Feedback information weakens the original control information
D: The effect weakens the feedback
答案: 【 The feedback effect is contrary to the original effect】

16、单选题：
​Excitability can be evaluated by‍
选项：
A: action potential
B: resting potential 
C:  threshold potential
D:  threshold intensity 
答案: 【  threshold intensity 】

17、单选题：
‎When in enmergency, secretion of epinephrine and norepinephrine belongs to‍
选项：
A: neuro-hormonal regulation
B: nervous regulation 
C: hormonal regulation
D: autoregualation
答案: 【 neuro-hormonal regulation】

18、单选题：
​The physical and chemical properties of the normal body environment are always ‏
选项：
A: fixed
B: absolutely constant
C: relatively stable
D: random
答案: 【 relatively stable】

19、单选题：
‏Conditioned reflex belongs to‍
选项：
A:  autoregulation
B: positive feedback
C: negative feedback
D: feedforward
答案: 【 feedforward】

20、单选题：
‌When the mean arterial pressure fluctuates in a certain range, the stabilization of the renal blood flow belongs to‏
选项：
A: autoregualtion
B: negative feedback
C: positive feedback
D: feedforward
答案: 【 autoregualtion】

21、判断题：
‍ Inflow of Na+ in the action potential depolarization phase of nerons belongs to positive feedback‍
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 正确】

22、判断题：
‌Urination and defecation reflex belong to negative feedback.‎
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 错误】

23、判断题：
‍Feedforward control sometimes fails.‏
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 正确】

24、判断题：
​Positive feedback can maintain the homeostasis of body .‏
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 错误】

25、判断题：
‏Precise effect is one characteristic of hormonal regulation.‌
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 错误】

随堂测验1

1、单选题：
‍The cell that is specialized to communicate with other cells and control their activities is​
选项：
A: epithelial cells
B: muscle cells
C: connective tissue cells
D: neurons
答案: 【 neurons】

2、单选题：
​A reflex is different from a homeostatic control mechanism because a reflex‎
选项：
A: is not initiated by a change in the environment
B: will not always attempt to decrease the magnitude of the original stimulus
C: arc does not require an integrating center to take place
D: is a localized response involving short distance communication
答案: 【 will not always attempt to decrease the magnitude of the original stimulus】

3、单选题：
‍Which of the following does not belong to nervous regulation? ‌
选项：
A: knee-jerk reflex
B: receptive reflex
C: feed on fancies
D: give a stimulus to sciatic nerve, and gastrocnemius contract
答案: 【 give a stimulus to sciatic nerve, and gastrocnemius contract】

4、单选题：
​Which of the following is not characteristic of nervous regualtion?‍
选项：
A: fast
B: short 
C: accurate
D: slow
答案: 【 slow】

5、单选题：
​Which of the following is not part of the reflex arc?‎
选项：
A: peripheral nerve
B: center
C: effector
D: synapse
答案: 【 synapse】

6、单选题：
‌After destroying the frog's spinal cord in a reflex arc analysis experiment‏
选项：
A: reaction, reflecx all exist
B: reaction exist, reflex disappear
C: reflex exist, reaction disappear
D: reaction, reflex all disappear
答案: 【 reaction exist, reflex disappear】

随堂测验2

1、单选题：
‌Epinephrine which is secreted by the adrenal medulla enhances cardiac activity, the process belongs to ‏
选项：
A: nervous regulation
B: hormonal regulation
C: autoregulation
D: feedback regulation
答案: 【 hormonal regulation】

2、单选题：
‍Which of the followin is not characteristic of hormonal regulation?‍
选项：
A: fast
B: long time duration
C: slow
D: inaccurate
答案: 【 fast】

3、单选题：
‏Which of the following is not pattern of hormonal regulation?‍
选项：
A: classic endocine
B: paracrine
C: autocrine
D: chemical synaptic transmission
答案: 【 chemical synaptic transmission】

随堂测验3

1、单选题：
‏Which of the follwing is wrong about feedback?‌
选项：
A: It is an important mechanism to ensure the accuracy of regulation.
B: All kinds of regulations have feedback effect.
C: Positive feedback is more prominent in regulating of body functions.
D: Negative feedback can keep certain physiological functions relatively stable.
答案: 【 Positive feedback is more prominent in regulating of body functions.】

2、单选题：
‌Feedforward regulation differs from feed-back regulation in that​
选项：
A: The former is stimulatory while the latter is inhibitory.
B: The former allows the CNS to anticipate the need for changes in physiological setpoints, whereas the latter does not.
C: Both the former is stimulatory while the latter is inhibitory and the former allows the CNS to anticipate the need for changes in physiological setpoints, whereas the latter does not are correct.
D: Only the latter is involved in homeostatic regulation.
答案: 【 The former allows the CNS to anticipate the need for changes in physiological setpoints, whereas the latter does not.】

3、单选题：
‍Which of the following is a negative feedback regulation‍
选项：
A: micturition reflex
B: blood coagulation
C: parturition
D: depressor reflex
答案: 【 depressor reflex】

4、单选题：
‍A positive feedback mechanism is an effective way to‌
选项：
A: maintain a constant internal environment
B: bring about a rapid change in the body
C: detect changes in the external environment
D: adapt to a new environment
答案: 【 bring about a rapid change in the body】

5、单选题：
‍Which of the following refers to a working point set by an automatic control system so that the
activities of the controlled part can only be changed within a narrow
range?‍
选项：
A: set point
B: equilibrium potential
C: reflex arc
D: median value
答案: 【 set point】

Test of Endocrinology-1

1、单选题：
‍Which of the following hormones belongs to protein hormone‎
选项：
A: follicle stimulating hormone
B: progesterone
C: estrogen
D: androgen
答案: 【 follicle stimulating hormone】

2、单选题：
‏ The main characteristics of steroid hormones is‏
选项：
A: They cannot pass through the cell membrane.
B: They are mostly water soluble.
C: There are specific receptors on the cell membrane. 
D: They induce target cells to synthesize new proteins.
答案: 【 They induce target cells to synthesize new proteins.】

3、单选题：
‎The hormone that could promote protein to be decomposed in physiological secretion is​
选项：
A: thyroid hormone
B: growth hormone
C: insulin
D: glucocorticoid
答案: 【 glucocorticoid】

4、单选题：
‎Which of the following is the most important hormone regulating calcium and phosphorus metabolism?​
选项：
A: parathyroid hormone
B: growth hormone
C: thyroid hormone
D: cortisol
答案: 【 parathyroid hormone】

5、单选题：
​Which of the following substances is not a second messenger?‏
选项：
A: cGMP
B: cAMP
C: Ca2+
D: ADP
答案: 【 ADP】

6、单选题：
​Which of the following hormones is not secreted by the adenohypophysis?‏
选项：
A: growth hormone
B: oxytocin
C: lutein growth hormone
D: follicle stimulating hormone
答案: 【 oxytocin】

7、单选题：
‏The hormones stored and released by the neurohypophysis are​
选项：
A: oxytocin and prolactin
B: oxytocin and growth hormone
C: antidiuretic hormone and prolactin
D: vasopressin and oxytocin
答案: 【 vasopressin and oxytocin】

8、单选题：
‌The role of parathyroid hormone is‎
选项：
A: increasing blood calcium, reducing blood phosphorus
B: inhibiting the production of 1,25- (OH) 2D3
C: inhibiting bone calcium irrigate into the blood
D: inhibit the reabsorption of Ca2＋ by the renal tubules and increasing urine calcium
答案: 【 increasing blood calcium, reducing blood phosphorus】

9、单选题：
‏The main source of calcitonin in plasma is​
选项：
A: thyroid C cells
B: islet D cells
C: placenta
D: parathyroid cells
答案: 【 thyroid C cells】

10、单选题：
​The hormone that regulates cell activity by binding to cell membrane receptors is‎
选项：
A: glucocorticoid
B: adrenaline
C: mineralocorticoid
D: testosterone
答案: 【 adrenaline】

11、单选题：
​The following phenomena that can occur in patients with excessive GH secretion is​
选项：
A: increased urine nitrogen content
B: increased blood glucose levels
C: decreased fatty acid content in blood
D: increased tissue fat
答案: 【 increased blood glucose levels】

12、单选题：
‌Which of the following hormones doesn’t relate with the development of mammary gland and the secretion and discharge of breast milk?​
选项：
A: estrogen
B: progesterone
C: prolactin
D: prostaglandin
答案: 【 prostaglandin】

13、单选题：
‌The hormone secreted by the adrenal globular zone is​
选项：
A: adrenaline
B: norepinephrine
C: aldosterone
D: sex hormones
答案: 【 aldosterone】

14、单选题：
​The main cause of animal death caused by adrenalectomy is lack of‍
选项：
A: norepinephrine
B: adrenaline
C: glucocorticoid
D: glucocorticoids and aldosterone
答案: 【 glucocorticoids and aldosterone】

15、单选题：
‏The role of glucocorticoids is‍
选项：
A: inhibiting protein breakdown
B: reducing blood glucose
C: increasing kidney drainage capacity
D: decreasing the lymphocytes and eosinophils in the blood
答案: 【 decreasing the lymphocytes and eosinophils in the blood】

16、单选题：
‏The effect of glucocorticoids in metabolism is‌
选项：
A: promoting the use of glucose and protein synthesis
B: promoting the use of glucose and the decomposition of protein
C: promoting the use of glucose and inhibiting the decomposition of proteins
D: inhibiting the use of glucose and promoting the decomposition of protein
答案: 【 inhibiting the use of glucose and promoting the decomposition of protein】

17、单选题：
‍The main hormone that can increase the body's resistance to harmful stimuli is​
选项：
A: norepinephrine
B: adrenaline
C: glucocorticoid
D: thyroid hormone
答案: 【 glucocorticoid】

18、单选题：
​Regarding the regulation of ACTH secretion, which of the following is wrong?‏
选项：
A: ACTH promotes the secretion of glucocorticoids.
B: ACTH is controlled by CRH in the hypothalamus.
C: ACTH is regulated by aldosterone feedback.
D: ACTH is regulated by glucocorticoid feedback
答案: 【 ACTH is regulated by aldosterone feedback.】

19、单选题：
‏Which of the following descriptions about insulin is wrong?​
选项：
A: promotes the conversion of glucose into fatty acids
B: promotes the storage and utilization of sugar, reduces blood glucose
C: promotes the decomposition and utilization of fat and protein
D: Blood glucose will increase when it decrease.
答案: 【 promotes the decomposition and utilization of fat and protein】

20、单选题：
‍The most important factor stimulating insulin secretion is‍
选项：
A: free fatty acids in blood
B: blood glucose concentration
C: gastrointestinal hormone
D: adrenaline
答案: 【 blood glucose concentration】

21、判断题：
‍The biggest difference between cretinism and dwarfism is cretinism has mental retardation.‎
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 正确】

22、判断题：
‍Increased free fatty acids concentration in the blood inhibits growth hormone secretion.‌
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 正确】

23、判断题：
‍Glucocorticoids can elevate boold glucose.​
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 正确】

24、判断题：
​The main organ generating 1,25-(OH)2D3 is kidney.​
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 正确】

25、判断题：
‍After long time using glucocorticoid drugs,  The content of ACTH will decrease.‎
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 正确】

Test of Endocrinology-2

1、单选题：
‎Which of the following physiological role of thyroid hormone is wrong‌
选项：
A: promotes synthesis of protein
B: promotes growth and development of bone
C: promotes growth and development of brain
D: reduces the basal metabolic rate
答案: 【 reduces the basal metabolic rate】

2、单选题：
​In the process of thyroid hormone synthesis, the key enzymes regulated by TSH is​
选项：
A: deiodinase
B: proteolytic enzyme
C: peroxidase
D: adenylate cyclase
答案: 【 peroxidase】

3、单选题：
‎Generally, T3 is activated higher than T4 for​
选项：
A: 2 times
B: 4 times
C: 5 times
D: 3 times
答案: 【 5 times】

4、单选题：
‏The most important hormone that affects the development of the nervous system is‏
选项：
A: glucocorticoid
B: growth hormone
C: adrenaline
D: thyroid hormone
答案: 【 thyroid hormone】

5、单选题：
‌The main cause of endemic goiter is‏
选项：
A: long-term iodine deficiency in food
B: lacking of tyrosine in food
C: too much thyroxine
D:  too little thyroid stimulating hormone
答案: 【 long-term iodine deficiency in food】

6、单选题：
‎The reason of that hiouracil drugs are used to treat hyperthyroidism is‎
选项：
A: inhibiting the absorption of iodine from the intestinal mucosa
B: inhibiting the TPO activity of follicular cells
C: inhibiting the role of iodine polymerization in the thyroid
D: inhibiting the release of thyroid hormone
答案: 【 inhibiting the TPO activity of follicular cells】

7、单选题：
‌Which one is wrong about the iodine Polymerization effect of thyroid acinar cells？‎
选项：
A: need to activate Na+-K+-ATPase to produce energy
B: rely on the help of Na+/I- pump on the basement of membrane of acinar cells
C: inhibit the transportation of I- when Na+ flows inward by concentration difference
D: is carried out by a reverse electro-chemical gradient at the top of the cell
答案: 【 inhibit the transportation of I- when Na+ flows inward by concentration difference】

8、单选题：
‎A patient complains of fatigue, anorexia and weight loss accompanied by gastrointestinal symptoms (nausea, vomiting). Physical examination revealed hyperpigmentation and hypotension. Laboratory tests showed: low blood sodium and high blood potassium. The most likely diagnosis is‍
选项：
A: Cushing's syndrome
B: Addison ’s disease
C: primary hypoaldosteronism
D: hypophysis
答案: 【 Addison ’s disease】

9、单选题：
‎The etiology of cretinism is due to​
选项：
A: excessive glucocorticoid secretion
B: insufficient thyroid function in early childhood
C: iodine deficiency in food
D: excessive GH secretion in early childhood
答案: 【 insufficient thyroid function in early childhood】

10、单选题：
‍The etiology of endemic goiter is due to‌
选项：
A: iodine deficiency in food
B: insufficient thyroid function in early childhood
C: Inadequate GH secretion in early childhood
D: excessive thyroid hormone in early childhood
答案: 【 iodine deficiency in food】

11、单选题：
‏The etiology of dwarfism is due to‌
选项：
A: excessive glucocorticoid secretion
B: insufficient thyroid function in early childhood
C: iodine deficiency in food
D: inadequate GH secretion in early childhood
答案: 【 inadequate GH secretion in early childhood】

12、单选题：
‌The etiology of centripetal obesity is due to‏
选项：
A: excessive glucocorticoid secretion
B: insufficient thyroid function in early childhood
C: excessive GH secretion in early childhood
D: iodine deficiency in food
答案: 【 excessive glucocorticoid secretion】

13、单选题：
​Thyroid hormone​
选项：
A: directly promote long bone and cartilage growth
B: reduce blood glucose
C: start and maintain lactation
D: promote the growth and development of the brain and long bones
答案: 【 promote the growth and development of the brain and long bones】

14、单选题：
‏Which of the following cannot be caused by excessive thyroid hormone?‎
选项：
A: Blood glucose increase.
B: Synthesis of protein decrease.
C: Deconposition of fats decrease.
D: BMR increase.
答案: 【 Deconposition of fats decrease.】

15、单选题：
‌Which of the following about regulation of thyroid hormone secretion is incorrect?‎
选项：
A: influenced by thyroid stimulating hormone releasing hormone 
B: regulated by thyroid stimulating hormone
C: Thyroid hormone feedback inhibits the pituitary gland.
D: A large amount of iodine can promote its synthesis and release.
答案: 【 A large amount of iodine can promote its synthesis and release.】

16、单选题：
‌The most abundant thyroid hormone is​
选项：
A: T3
B: T4
C: rT3
D: T1
答案: 【 T4】

17、单选题：
​The most biologically active thyroid hormone is‌
选项：
A: T3
B: T4
C: T1
D: rT3
答案: 【 T3】

18、单选题：
‍Which of the following will not appear in hypothyroidism?‏
选项：
A: Blood glucose decrease.
B: Sythesis of fats increase.
C: Sythesis of protein increase.
D: BMR decrease.
答案: 【 Sythesis of protein increase.】

19、单选题：
‌Which of the following can affect secretion of thyroid hormone directly?‍
选项：
A: TSH
B: ACTH
C: CRH
D: FSH
答案: 【 TSH】

20、单选题：
‍Which of the following is the physiological effect of TH on protein?‍
选项：
A: promoting the decomposition of protein
B: inhibiting the synthesis of protein
C: promoting the synthesis of protein
D: has no effect.
答案: 【 promoting the synthesis of protein】

21、判断题：
‍Patients with hyperthyroidism prefer cold to heat.‏
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 正确】

22、判断题：
​Patients with hyperthyroidism have great strength.‍
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 错误】

23、判断题：
​Too much iodine can promote synthesis of thyroid hormone.‌
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 错误】

24、判断题：
‍Iodine is one of the raw materials for synthesis of thyroid hormone.‏
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 正确】

25、判断题：
‏Excessive thyroid hormone will inhibit activity of heart.‏
选项：
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 【 错误】

Test of Basic Function of Cell-1

1、单选题：
‍Which of the following cannot  be transported by simple diffusion?‌
选项：
A: amino acids
B: steroid hormones 
C: urea
D: ethanol
答案: 【 amino acids】

2、单选题：
​Trans-membrane transport of glucose along the concentration gradient depends on​
选项：
A: lipid biomolecule
B: gap junction
C: carrier protein
D: sodium pump
答案: 【 carrier protein】

3、单选题：
‏O2 and CO2 enter and exit cells in the body through‌
选项：
A: simple diffusion
B: facilitated diffusion
C: active transport
D: endocytosis
答案: 【 simple diffusion】

4、单选题：
‏The formation and maintenance of the normal Na + and K + concentration difference inside and outside the cell membrane is due to‌
选项：
A: The membrane is more permeable to K+ in resting state.
B: The membrane is more permeable to Na+ in exciting state.
C: Results of Na+ and K+ facilitation and diffusion
D: The role of Na + -K + pump on the membrane
答案: 【 The role of Na + -K + pump on the membrane】

5、单选题：
​Under quiet conditions, the cell membrane is more permeable to which ions‎
选项：
A: Na+
B: K+
C: Ca2+
D: Cl-
答案: 【 K+】

6、单选题：
‎The index usually used to measure the level of excitement of an organization is‎
选项：
A: threshold potential
B: threshold intensity
C: stimulus intensity change rate
D: frequency of stimulation
答案: 【 threshold intensity】

7、单选题：
‎During the absolute refractory period, the excitement of the organization is‏
选项：
A:  zero 
B: infinite
C: less than normal
D: greater than normal
答案: 【  zero 】

8、单选题：
‌The common performance of excitable cells when they are excited is to produce​
选项：
A: contractile activity
B: secretory activity
C: resting potential
D: action potential
答案: 【 action potential】

9、单选题：
‏The process nerve fiber membrane potential changes from + 30mV to -70mV is referred to ‎
选项：
A: hyper